Otto Paul Eberhard Peltzer (8 March 1900, Drage, Steinburg, Province of Schleswig-Holstein – 11 August 1970) was a German middle distance runner who set world records in the 1920s. Over the 800 metres Peltzer improved Ted Meredith's long-standing record by 0.3 seconds to 1:51.6 min in London in July 1926. Over the 1000 m he set a world record of 2:25.8 in Paris in July 1927, and over 1500 metres Peltzer broke Paavo Nurmi's world record (3:52.6) and set a new one at 3:51.0 in Berlin in September 1926. Peltzer was the only athlete to have held the 800 m and the 1500 m world records simultaneously, until Sebastian Coe matched the feat over fifty years later.