The Federal Agency for Government Communications and Information (FAPSI) is the Russian counterpart to the U.S. National Security Agency. It was established by the Presidential Decree "On the Federal Government Communications and Information Agency" on February 19, 1993. In 1994, the Russian president approved the statute of this secret service. FAPSI replaced the Administration of Information Resources (AIR) at the Presidential Office, which was formed from the KGB Eighth (Encoding) Chief Directorate and Sixteenth Directorate, the Decoding and Radio Interception Service, and the Government Communications Directorate of the USSR KGB.