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| rdfs:label | - Karl Dönitz
- Karl Dönitz
- Karl Dönitz
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| rdfs:comment | - Karl Dönitz (16. syyskuuta 1891 – 24. joulukuuta 1980) oli natsi-Saksan laivaston ylipäällikkö toisen maailmansodan aikana. Vaikkei Dönitz koskaan liittynytkään natsipuolueeseen, hän saavutti suuramiraalin arvon ja toimi sukellusvenelaivaston ylimpänä päällikkönä (Befehlshaber der Unterseeboote) ja myöhemmin itse Kriegsmarinen ylipäällikkönä (Oberbefehlshaber der Kriegsmarine). Dönitz myös toimi vajaan kuukauden verran Saksan presidenttinä (Reichspräsident) Hitlerin kuoleman jälkeen.
- Karl Dönitz (16 September 1891 - 24 December 1980) was a German naval Commander who served in the Kaiserliche Marine (Imperial German Navy) during World War I, commanded the German submarine fleet during World War II, and eventually was given control of the entire Kriegsmarine (German Navy).
- Dönitz was born in Grünau in Berlin, Germany. In 1910, Dönitz enlisted in the Imperial German Navy (Kaiserliche Marine). On 15 April 1911, he became a midshipman (Fähnrich zur See), the rank given to those who had served for one year as officer's apprentice and had passed their first examination. Dönitz became a captain on one of the Kaiserliche Marine's U-boats. He was sunk and captured after an aborted convoy attack. After WWI ended in 1918, Dönitz remained in a British camp near Sheffield as a P.O.W. until July 1919, returning to Germany in 1920.
- He began his career in the Imperial German Navy (Kaiserliche Marine) before World War I. In 1918, while he was in command of UB-68, the submarine was sunk by British forces and Dönitz was taken prisoner. While in a prisoner of war camp, he formulated what he later called Rudeltaktik ("pack tactic", commonly called "wolfpack"). At the start of World War II, he was the senior submarine officer in the Kriegsmarine. In January 1943, Dönitz achieved the rank ofGroßadmiral (Grand Admiral) and replaced Grand Admiral Erich Raeder as Commander-in-Chief of the Navy (Oberbefehlshaber der Kriegsmarine).
- Karl Dönitz was een Duits admiraal en tevens de leider van de Kriegsmarine. Hij volgde Adolf Hitler op als Reichspräsident. Hiermee was hij van 1 tot 23 mei 1945 de tweede en laatste leider van Nazi-Duitsland.
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| type of appearance | - Direct
- Oblique contemporary reference
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| Appearance | - through
- Last Orders
- Hitler's War,
- The Big Switch;
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| Caption | - MUST... SINK... MORE...TONNAGE!
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| Veldslagen | - Eerste Wereldoorlog en Tweede Wereldoorlog
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| leiding | - Opvolger van Adolf Hitler als president
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| Title | - President of Germany
- Commander-in-Chief of the Kriegsmarine
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| After | - Hans-Georg von Friedeburg
- Allied occupation until 1949,
- then Theodor Heuss and Wilhelm Pieck
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| Affiliations | |
| Occupation | - Prisoner
- Sailor, Author, Politician
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| abstract | - Karl Dönitz was een Duits admiraal en tevens de leider van de Kriegsmarine. Hij volgde Adolf Hitler op als Reichspräsident. Hiermee was hij van 1 tot 23 mei 1945 de tweede en laatste leider van Nazi-Duitsland. Dönitz was sinds 1943 Grossadmiraal van de Kriegsmarine. In die functie wist hij met zijn marine van eind januari 1945 tot de algehele capitulatie van de Duitse strijdkrachten op 9 mei 1945 ca. 2,5 miljoen vluchtelingen en militairen over de Oostzee buiten het bereik van het Rode Leger te brengen. Op 30 april liet Bormann telegrafisch aan hem weten dat Hitler Dönitz testamentair tot zijn opvolger had benoemd. Op 23 mei werd de regering Dönitz op volkenrechtelijk onjuiste wijze door de Britten gevangen genomen en op vernederende wijze weggevoerd. In oktober 1946 werd hij, tijdens het proces van Neurenberg, tot tien jaar veroordeeld.
- Karl Dönitz (16 September 1891 - 24 December 1980) was a German naval Commander who served in the Kaiserliche Marine (Imperial German Navy) during World War I, commanded the German submarine fleet during World War II, and eventually was given control of the entire Kriegsmarine (German Navy). In the final days of the war, Dönitz was named by Adolf Hitler as his successor, and after the Führer committed suicide, the admiral assumed the office of President (Reichspräsident) of Nazi Germany. He held this position for about 20 days, until the final surrender to the Allies. After the war, Dönitz was convicted of war crimes at the Nuremberg Trials and served ten years in prison.
- Karl Dönitz (16. syyskuuta 1891 – 24. joulukuuta 1980) oli natsi-Saksan laivaston ylipäällikkö toisen maailmansodan aikana. Vaikkei Dönitz koskaan liittynytkään natsipuolueeseen, hän saavutti suuramiraalin arvon ja toimi sukellusvenelaivaston ylimpänä päällikkönä (Befehlshaber der Unterseeboote) ja myöhemmin itse Kriegsmarinen ylipäällikkönä (Oberbefehlshaber der Kriegsmarine). Dönitz myös toimi vajaan kuukauden verran Saksan presidenttinä (Reichspräsident) Hitlerin kuoleman jälkeen.
- Dönitz was born in Grünau in Berlin, Germany. In 1910, Dönitz enlisted in the Imperial German Navy (Kaiserliche Marine). On 15 April 1911, he became a midshipman (Fähnrich zur See), the rank given to those who had served for one year as officer's apprentice and had passed their first examination. Dönitz became a captain on one of the Kaiserliche Marine's U-boats. He was sunk and captured after an aborted convoy attack. After WWI ended in 1918, Dönitz remained in a British camp near Sheffield as a P.O.W. until July 1919, returning to Germany in 1920. Between the wars, Dönitz formulated the tactics that would be used by his U-boats: A U-boat would find a convoy and radio in to Dönitz, then he would order it to shadow the convoy until other U-boats gathered. They would then attack in large numbers on the surface at night, taking advantage of the U-boat's speed and small shape on the surface. In late 1942, after a U-boat was nearly destroyed after attempting to rescue hundreds of Allied sailors and civilians, Dönitz issued the Laconia order, forbidding U-boats from rescuing survivors. This led to at least one shooting of survivors by a U-boat. On 30 January 1943, Dönitz replaced Erich Raeder as Commander-in-Chief of the Navy (Oberbefehlshaber der Kriegsmarine) and Grand Admiral (Großadmiral) of the Naval High Command (Oberkommando der Marine). After both Hermann Göring and Heinrich Himmler were declared traitors by Adolf Hitler, he specified in his last will and testament that Dönitz was to succeed him as President and Head of State, while Goebbels was to succeed as Chancellor and Head of Government. After the suicide of Goebbels and Bormann death while trying to flee Berlin, Dönitz remained the sole leader of the crumbling German Reich. Although head of the Navy, Dönitz had never played a large role within the Nazi regime, and he succeeded Hitler essentially by default. Dönitz led what was left of Nazi Germany for about one week, from May 1 until the formal signing of the surrender agreement on May 8. At Nuremburg he was charged with conducting unrestricted submarine warfare and crimes against the peace, but received a comparatively light sentence of only 10 years at Spandau Prison, after pointing out that the United States had itself conducted unrestricted submarine warfare against Japan. Dönitz was released from prison on 1 October 1956, and he retired to the small village of Aumühle in Schleswig-Holstein in northern West Germany. There he worked on two books. He died there of a heart attack on 24 December 1980. The West German president Karl Carstens received Dönitz's "political testament" a few days after his death. Dönitz, who seemingly still considered himself to be the true head of the German state, "transferred" his position as "leader of the German people" to Carstens. Carstens and the German government ignored this illegitimate testament of the former Reichspräsident.
- He began his career in the Imperial German Navy (Kaiserliche Marine) before World War I. In 1918, while he was in command of UB-68, the submarine was sunk by British forces and Dönitz was taken prisoner. While in a prisoner of war camp, he formulated what he later called Rudeltaktik ("pack tactic", commonly called "wolfpack"). At the start of World War II, he was the senior submarine officer in the Kriegsmarine. In January 1943, Dönitz achieved the rank ofGroßadmiral (Grand Admiral) and replaced Grand Admiral Erich Raeder as Commander-in-Chief of the Navy (Oberbefehlshaber der Kriegsmarine). On 30 April 1945, after the death of Adolf Hitler and in accordance with Hitler's last will and testament, Dönitz was named Hitler's successor as Staatsoberhaupt (Head of State), with the title of Reichspräsident (President) and Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces. On 7 May 1945, he ordered Generaloberst Alfred Jodl to sign the German instruments of surrender in Rheims, France. Großadmiral Dönitz remained as head of the Flensburg Government, as it became known, until it was dissolved by the Allied powers on 23 May. At the Nuremberg trials, he was convicted of war crimes and sentenced to ten years' imprisonment; after his release, he lived quietly in a village near Hamburg until his death in 1980.
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