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| rdfs:comment | - Shangdi (Traditional Chinese: 上帝; Pinyin: Shàngdì; Wade-Giles: Shang Ti; literally: "High Sovereign") refers to a god or a power regarded as the spiritual ultimate by the Chinese people during the Shang Dynasty. According to Yanxia Zhao, evidence shows that Shangdi was probably more transcendental than immanent, only working through lesser gods. During the Zhou Dynasty, Shangdi was associated with Heaven (天 Tiān). By the time of the Han dynasty, the influential Confucian scholar Zheng Xuan declared that "Shangdi is another name for Tian." Shangdi remains chiefly synonymous with Heaven in modern Chinese thought.
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| abstract | - Shangdi (Traditional Chinese: 上帝; Pinyin: Shàngdì; Wade-Giles: Shang Ti; literally: "High Sovereign") refers to a god or a power regarded as the spiritual ultimate by the Chinese people during the Shang Dynasty. According to Yanxia Zhao, evidence shows that Shangdi was probably more transcendental than immanent, only working through lesser gods. During the Zhou Dynasty, Shangdi was associated with Heaven (天 Tiān). By the time of the Han dynasty, the influential Confucian scholar Zheng Xuan declared that "Shangdi is another name for Tian." Shangdi remains chiefly synonymous with Heaven in modern Chinese thought.
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