| rdfs:comment | - On September 5, 1774, the First Continental Congress convened in Carpenter's Hall in Philadelphia and the following December, Congress declared the importation of British goods to be illegal. Twelve months later the Congress outlawed the export of goods to Great Britain, thus establishing the first American export controls. Since then, the United States has imposed export controls for a variety of reasons through legislation such as the Embargo Act, Trading with the Enemy Act, the Neutrality Act, and the Export Control Act of 1949.
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| abstract | - On September 5, 1774, the First Continental Congress convened in Carpenter's Hall in Philadelphia and the following December, Congress declared the importation of British goods to be illegal. Twelve months later the Congress outlawed the export of goods to Great Britain, thus establishing the first American export controls. Since then, the United States has imposed export controls for a variety of reasons through legislation such as the Embargo Act, Trading with the Enemy Act, the Neutrality Act, and the Export Control Act of 1949. The Export Control Act of 1949 gave the U.S. Department of Commerce primary responsibility for administering and enforcing export controls on dual-use items, and for the first time defined three reasons for the imposition of these controls — national security, foreign policy, and short supply. Upon the expiration of the Export Control Act, the Export Administration Act (EAA) of 1969 took effect on January 1, 1970. The EAA was reestablished in 1979, and amended several times since. Because unilateral export controls are less effective than controls enforced by many nations, the United States joined forces with other countries to help further its national security and foreign policy interest. This included the Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls (CoCom). Currently, the United States is a member of the Nuclear Suppliers Group, the Australia Group, the Missile Technology Control Regime, and the Wassenaar Arrangement.
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