| abstract | - Punch, or The London Charivari was a British weekly magazine of humour and Satire established in 1841 by Henry Mayhew and engraver Ebenezer Landells. Historically, it was most influential in the 1840s and 50s, when it helped to coin the term "cartoon" in its modern sense as a humorous illustration. It became a British institution, but in Ireland Punch is known for its racist depictions of the Irish, while in the 1850s it declared that the Irish people were 'the missing link between the gorilla and the Negro'. After the 1940s, when its circulation peaked, it went into a long decline, closing in 1992. It was revived in 1996, but closed again in 2002.
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