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| rdfs:comment | - Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821) was a soldier and politician who, as Emperor of the French, launched a series of military conflicts shaped the politics and history of Europe in the early 19th century and beyond.
- Napoleon is considered to have been a military genius, and is known for commanding many successful campaigns, although also for some spectacular failures. Over the course of little more than a decade, he acquired control of most or all of the western and central mainland of Europe by conquest or alliance until his defeat at the Battle of the Nations near Leipzig in October 1813, which led to his abdication several months later. He staged a comeback known as the Hundred Days (les Cent Jours), but was defeated decisively at the Battle of Waterloo in Belgium on June 18 1815, followed shortly afterwards by his capture by the British and his exile to the island of Saint Helena, where he died.
- Napoleon I (born Napoleone di Buonaparte, later Napoléon Bonaparte) (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a French military and political leader who had significant impact on modern European history. He was a general during the French Revolution, the ruler of France as Premier Consul of the French Republic, Empereur des Français, King of Italy, Mediator of the Swiss Confederation and Protector of the Confederation of the Rhine.
- Born in Corsica and trained as an artillery officer in mainland France, Bonaparte rose to prominence under the First French Republic and led successful campaigns against the First and Second Coalitions arrayed against France. In 1799, he staged a coup d'état and installed himself as First Consul; five years later the French Senate proclaimed him Emperor. In the first decade of the nineteenth century, the French Empire under Napoleon engaged in a series of conflicts—the Napoleonic Wars—involving every major European power. After a streak of victories, France secured a dominant position in continental Europe and Napoleon maintained the French sphere of influence through the formation of extensive alliances and the appointment of friends and family members to rule other European countries as
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| type of appearance | - Posthumous reference
- Contemporary reference
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| Reason | - French Revolution
- Rhine Confederation dissolved
- as President of the German Confederation
- successive ruler:
- Francis I, Austrian Emperor
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| Last | |
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| Work | - Insecula: L'encyclopedie des artes et de l'architecture
- France.com
- Napoleon Series
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| Appearance | |
| Spouse | - Joséphine de Beauharnais
- Joséphine de Beauharnais
Marie Louise of Austria
- Marie Louise of Austria
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| Name | - Memoirs of Napoleon
- Napoleon I of France
- The Life of Napoleon I
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| AS | - King of France and Navarre
- King of the French
- last crowned monarch, 1530-1558
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| Group | |
| Title | - 1812
- Bonaparte
- Napoleon
- King of Italy
- Emperor of the French
- First Consul of France
- Napoleon I of France
- Protector of the Confederation of the Rhine
- Provisional Consul of France
- Napoleon Bonaparte: A Life
- The Age of Napoleon
- The Cassel Dictionary of the Napoleonic Wars
- The Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte
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| Cause of Death | |
| Before | |
| Religion | - Catholicism
- Catholicism in public, Deism in private
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| alongside | - Charles-François Lebrun, duc de Plaisance
- Jean Jacques Régis de Cambacérès
- Roger Ducos and Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyès
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| Years | - 1799
- 1804
- --03-17
- --03-20
- --07-12
- --11-11
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| After | |
| Affiliations | - French Army, House of Bonaparte
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| Children | - Napoleon II
- Napoleon II , at least two illegitmate, two adopted
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| Occupation | - Soldier
- Soldier, Politician, Monarch
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| ID | - ISBN 0-00-637521-9
- ISBN 0-00-718489-1
- ISBN 0-06-092958-8
- ISBN 0-304-35229-2
- ISBN 0-465-04879-X
- ISBN 0-671-21988-X
- ISBN 0-7126-6247-2
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| url | |
| Publisher | - HarperCollins
- Perennial
- Cassel
- London: HarperCollins
- London: Pimlico
- New York: Basic Books
- New York: Simon and Schuster
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| Death | |
| Year | - 1975
- 1994
- 1998
- 1999
- 2000
- 2003
- 2004
- 2005
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| Birth | |
| Nationality | |
| abstract | - Napoleon is considered to have been a military genius, and is known for commanding many successful campaigns, although also for some spectacular failures. Over the course of little more than a decade, he acquired control of most or all of the western and central mainland of Europe by conquest or alliance until his defeat at the Battle of the Nations near Leipzig in October 1813, which led to his abdication several months later. He staged a comeback known as the Hundred Days (les Cent Jours), but was defeated decisively at the Battle of Waterloo in Belgium on June 18 1815, followed shortly afterwards by his capture by the British and his exile to the island of Saint Helena, where he died. Aside from his military achievements, Napoleon is also remembered for the establishment of the Napoleonic Code, and is considered to have been one of the "enlightened monarchs". Napoleon appointed several members of the Bonaparte family as monarchs. Although they did not survive his downfall, a nephew, Napoleon III, ruled France later in the century.
- Napoleon I (born Napoleone di Buonaparte, later Napoléon Bonaparte) (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a French military and political leader who had significant impact on modern European history. He was a general during the French Revolution, the ruler of France as Premier Consul of the French Republic, Empereur des Français, King of Italy, Mediator of the Swiss Confederation and Protector of the Confederation of the Rhine. During his reign, Napoleon systematically, either by conquest or alliance, asserted hegemony over almost the entirety of the continent of Europe at its peak. This series of military engagements have come to be known as the Napoleonic Wars. In 1812, Napoleon staged an invasion of Russia, which ultimately proved a disaster for France. By 1813, Napoleon was in retreat after his defeat at Leipzig. In 1814, France's enemies invaded, and Napoleon was forced into exile. He returned in 1815, but was finally defeated famously at Waterloo. Napoleon was exiled again, this time to the British-controlled island of St. Helena in the South Atlantic Ocean, where he remained for the remaining six years of his life.
- Born in Corsica and trained as an artillery officer in mainland France, Bonaparte rose to prominence under the First French Republic and led successful campaigns against the First and Second Coalitions arrayed against France. In 1799, he staged a coup d'état and installed himself as First Consul; five years later the French Senate proclaimed him Emperor. In the first decade of the nineteenth century, the French Empire under Napoleon engaged in a series of conflicts—the Napoleonic Wars—involving every major European power. After a streak of victories, France secured a dominant position in continental Europe and Napoleon maintained the French sphere of influence through the formation of extensive alliances and the appointment of friends and family members to rule other European countries as French client states. The French invasion of Russia in 1812 marked a turning point in Napoleon's fortunes. His Grande Armée was badly damaged in the campaign and never fully recovered. In 1813, the Sixth Coalition defeated his forces at Leipzig; the following year the Coalition invaded France, forced Napoleon to abdicate and exiled him to the island of Elba. Less than a year later, he escaped Elba and returned to power, but was defeated at the Battle of Waterloo in June 1815. Napoleon spent the last six years of his life under British supervision on the island of Saint Helena. An autopsy concluded he died of stomach cancer, though Sten Forshufvud and other scientists have since conjectured that he was poisoned with arsenic. Napoleon's campaigns are studied at military academies the world over. While considered a tyrant by his opponents, he is also remembered for the establishment of the Napoleonic code, which laid the administrative and judicial foundations for much of Western Europe.
- Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821) was a soldier and politician who, as Emperor of the French, launched a series of military conflicts shaped the politics and history of Europe in the early 19th century and beyond.
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