"State University of Moscow"@en . "Coat_of_Arms_of_Manchuria.png"@en . "522839"^^ . "8541.0"^^ . "Manchurian Eastern"@en . . . "N"@en . . "Nuyen"@en . "2015"^^ . "25"^^ . "25"^^ . "Manchuria"@en . "1564115.75"^^ . . "\u6C11\u4E3B\u4E3B\u7FA9\u4EBA\u6C11\u5171\u548C\u570B\u7684\u6EFF\u6D32"@en . "De facto"@en . . . . "2015"^^ . "2419"^^ . . "2014"^^ . . . "37"^^ . "Manchuria has historically been part of various Chinese and Korean dynasties, but was for most of its history inhabited by Tungusic peoples, most notably the Jurchen (later referred to as the Manchu). Manchuria served as the seat of the influential Jin dynasty between 1115 to 1234 before in was conquered by the Mongolian Empire. Later Manchuria came under the sway of the Mongol ruled Yuan dynasty although the growing influence of the Ming dynasty saw the southern regions of Manchuria put under Ming rule. In the early 1580's Jurchen chieftain Nurhaci united the Jurchen tribes and was able to conquer the entirety of Manchuria, and establish the foundations for the Qing dynasty. In 1644 the Qing were able to take control of Beijing defeating the Ming dynasty and thus gaining the mantle of leadership over their lands. Under the Qing the modern state of China was formed with the Qing naming it as such following their victory over the Ming, with the concept of Han superiority being replaced with that of the idea of a multiracial state. Manchuria soon adopted similar agricultural practices to the rest of China, although the Qing rulers discouraged mass Han migration to Manchurian regions. The Russian conquest of Siberia saw large tacts of Manchurian land ceded to Tsardom of Russia, with the 1800's seeing Outer Manchuria being completely annexed by the Russian Empire. The decline of the Qing empire saw Inner Manchuria come under the influence of both Russia and Imperial Japan with Japan exerting much more influence over Manchurian regions following the Chinese and Russian revolutions which undermined Chinese and Russian interests in Manchuria. In 1916 warlord Zhao Guangping took control over large swathes of Manchuria, trying to establish the First Manchu Republic. Zhao was in constant conflict by a group of warlords known as the Fengtian clique who were supported by Japan. However Zhao's government began to collapse after the Northern Expedition saw China placed under the control of the Republic of China. The military junta of Zhao was destroyed in the Manchu-Chinese War in 1929 after Fengtian warlord Zhang Xueliang subsequently swore loyalty to the republican government. The Mukden Incident however enabled the Japanese to invade Manchuria in 1931, placing it under Japanese control. The Japanese occupation of Manchuria saw the creation of the puppet state of Manzhouguo ostensibly created as the homeland to the Manchu ethnic group. Despite being officially ruled by the last Chinese emperor of the Qing dynasty Puyi in reality Manzhouguo was controlled almost entirely by Japan. In 1944 a coalition of Manchu nationalists, republicans, communists, anarchists and other anti-fascists led by Zhao Guangping staged a revolt against the government of Manzhouguo, establishing the Second Manchu Republic. This republic, ostensibly a liberal democracy, was plagued by internal conflicts and was subsequently invaded and occupied by the Soviet Union in August 1945. After a brief period of occupation by the Soviets Manchuria became a satellite of the Soviet Union known as the Manchu People's Republic. A government was reformed which saw the country become a Marxist Leninist single-party state which was ruled by the Communist Party of Manchuria, with Manchu independence negotiated by communist leader Xu Xiaobao, with the main Soviet aim being to establish a buffer state between it and the US aligned Korea. During communist rule Manchuria participated in the disastrous Korean War which led to the eastern provinces of Manchuria to be occupied by the newly formed People's Republic of China. Manchuria almost invaded South Korea alongside the north again in the October Crisis which ended in Manchuria and North Korea caling off the invasion. In the Revolutions of 1989 Manchuria experienced nationwide protests against communist rule which saw the communist government become overthrown in the Orchid Revolution, which established a multi party democracy. After implementing some neoliberal \"shock therapy\" economic policies throughout the majority of the duration of the 1990's, Manchuria has since balanced into a industrial, urbanised mixed economy with some of the more excessive practices of deregulation being curbed, and have since maintained positive economic growth with steps being enacted to begin the transition Manchuria into a post-industrialised economy. However the primary and secondary sectors remain large sources of income for Manchuria thanks to large resources of coal and other natural minerals, the continued prevalence of agriculture as well as the large manufacturing sector that ranges from the processing of natural resources to the creation of consumer products. Despite maintaining the 16th largest economy as measured by nominal GDP wealth inequality remains prevalent especially in the wake of the Great Recession, as well as concerns over a corrupt legislature and alleged marginalisation of the minority Korean community. Manchuria maintains amicable relations with the majority of its neighbours and is an active member of various international organisations such as the UN, G-20, WTO, SCO, IMF, WBG, and the ADB. Manchuria formally possessed nuclear weapons but dismantled them when they signed the Non-Proliferation Treaty in 2000. Since 1947 the Manchu script has been used to write both the Chinese and Manchu languages which are the two official languages."@en . "Premier of the State Council"@en . "Liautung"@en . "788100"^^ . "25"^^ . "1931-05-14"^^ . "Changchun"@en . "304300"^^ . . "Qian Sanqiang"@en . . . "Supreme Leader of Manchuria"@en . "Xien Weibao"@en . . "Several Manchurian cities were subjected to atomic attacks by the United States on January 23, 1951. In response, China's leader, Mao Tse-Tung, convinced his ally Joseph Stalin, to launch atomic attacks against the USA's allies in Europe, effectively triggering World War III. After the attacks, the Chinese government was able to successfully rebuild the rail line through Harbin, the primary reason the U.S. attacked it in the first place. The line was up and running again by April 1951. This article is a stub because the work is part of a larger, as-of-yet incomplete series."@en . "2013-04-14"^^ . "Qin Shi Huang"@en . "1.736E12"^^ . "Manchuria (Chinese: \u6EFF\u6D32\u91CC; pinyin: M\u01CEnzh\u014Dul\u01D0), officially the Democratic People's Republic of Manchuria, is a sovereign state located in East Asia. Manchuria is a single-party state governed by the Communist Party of Manchuria (commonly referred to as CPM), with its seat of government in the capital city of Changchun. It exercises jurisdiction over 14 provinces, three autonomous regions and 3 special economic regions. From northwest to northeast, Manchuria shares land borders with the Russian Federation, Mongolia, the People's Republic of China and the the DPRK (North Korea)."@en . "43"^^ . . "General Secretary of the Communist Party"@en . "De jure"@en . "1978-05-14"^^ . . "Communist Party of Manchuria"@en . "R\u00E9nm\u00EDn G\u00F2ngh\u00E9gu\u00F3"@en . "National Emblem"@en . "Manchuria, officially the Kingdom of Manchuria (Mandarin: \u6EE1\u6D32\u738B\u56FD, M\u01CEnzh\u014Du W\u00E1nggu\u00F3) is a country in East Asia that borders Mongolia in the west, Buryatia to the northwest, the EF in the north and east, Korea to the southeast and China in the south. Its capital is Harbin."@en . "25"^^ . "Xie Shengwu"@en . . "State Capitalism"@en . . "yyyy-mm-dd"@en . "M\u01CEnz\u00FA G\u00F2ngh\u00E9gu\u00F3"@en . "\"Ode to the Motherland\""@en . . . "2013-04-14"^^ . "25"^^ . "predidial republic"@en . . . . "Zhang Zhixiang"@en . . "Map of Manchuria.png"@en . "Manchuria"@ia . "54"^^ . . "125"^^ . "Manchu"@en . . "medium"@en . "Right"@en . "Mandarin Chinese"@en . "Qin Shi Huang"@en . "71.0"^^ . "20164110"^^ . . "\u3107\u311A\u310B\u3117\u3128 \u310D\u3121 \u310D\u3121\u310D\u311DM\u01CEnzh\u014Du gu\u00F3 gu\u00F3g\u0113File:Without_The_Communist_Party_There_Would_Be_No_New_.ogg"@en . "74"^^ . "Chairman of the National Congress"@en . . "Does not recgonize Business Recognition Accords, the Corporate Court's standard for the meaning of corporate extraterritoriality Business Recognition Accords not signed."@en . . . . . "9.355E11"^^ . "Qian Sanqiang"@en . "90"^^ . . "2013"^^ . . "109520844"^^ . "+88"@en . "Shen Yao-Xiang - first president"@en . "\u5171\u7522\u9EE8\u6C11\u4E3B\u4E3B\u7FA9\u4EBA\u6C11\u5171\u548C\u570B\u7684\u6EFF\u6D32"@en . . "\u3107\u311A\u310B\u3117\u3128 \u310D\u311B\u310B\u310D\u310F\u311D\u310D\u3121"@en . "the Supreme Congress"@en . "General Secretary of the"@en . . "Chairman of"@en . . . . "Manchurian"@en . "13"^^ . "Mongolian"@en . . "The International"@en . "30"^^ . "25"^^ . . "Greater Manchuria, Korea, Kingdom of Ryukyu (overlordship disputed with Japan), Celebes, Kuril Islands, Marianas (excepting island of Saipan)"@en . . . "UTC+8-UTC+9"@en . . "NationalEmplemDPRM.png"@en . . "Manchuria"@en . . "11"^^ . . "Qian Sanqiang"@en . "Russian"@en . . "Democratic People\u2019s Republic of Manchuria"@en . . "2013"^^ . "Unknown"@en . . "3"^^ . "63987074"^^ . "Far Left"@en . "President"@en . . . "Area controlled by the Democratic People's Republic of Manchuria shown in dark green"@en . "New Manchu Yuan"@en . "Does not recgonize Business Recognition Accords, the Corporate Court's standard for the meaning of corporate extraterritoriality Business Recognition Accords not signed."@en . "Communist Party of Manchuria"@en . "Chairman of the Defence Committee"@en . "Gungheg'o Manju"@en . "Manchurian Yen"@en . "2009-10-16"^^ . "25"^^ . "Yu Qiang"@en . . "0.781"^^ . . . "Qian Sanqiang"@en . . "Changchun"@en . "Wang Shuwen"@en . "25"^^ . . "Communist Party of Manchuria"@en . "Gold/Yellow"@en . "2012"^^ . "Disputed"@en . "Little Xie Yuanhong, the longest running children's animation programme in Manchuria."@en . . "Manchu Republic"@en . "17366.0"^^ . "Greater Manchuria, Korea, Kingdom of Ryukyu (overlordship disputed with Japan), Celebes, Kuril Islands, Marianas (excepting island of Saipan)"@en . . "Several Manchurian cities were subjected to atomic attacks by the United States on January 23, 1951. In response, China's leader, Mao Tse-Tung, convinced his ally Joseph Stalin, to launch atomic attacks against the USA's allies in Europe, effectively triggering World War III. After the attacks, the Chinese government was able to successfully rebuild the rail line through Harbin, the primary reason the U.S. attacked it in the first place. The line was up and running again by April 1951. This article is a stub because the work is part of a larger, as-of-yet incomplete series."@en . "Unknown"@en . "Korean"@en . . "DPRMflagNew2013.png"@en . "Red"@en . . . . . "M\u01CEnzh\u014Dul\u01D0 M\u00EDnzh\u01D4 Zh\u01D4y\u00EC"@en . . . "General Secretary"@en . "Changchun"@en . "+8"@en . . "Politician, Soldier"@en . . "Xien Weibao"@en . . "right"@en . "Manchuria has historically been part of various Chinese and Korean dynasties, but was for most of its history inhabited by Tungusic peoples, most notably the Jurchen (later referred to as the Manchu). Manchuria served as the seat of the influential Jin dynasty between 1115 to 1234 before in was conquered by the Mongolian Empire. Later Manchuria came under the sway of the Mongol ruled Yuan dynasty although the growing influence of the Ming dynasty saw the southern regions of Manchuria put under Ming rule. In the early 1580's Jurchen chieftain Nurhaci united the Jurchen tribes and was able to conquer the entirety of Manchuria, and establish the foundations for the Qing dynasty."@en . "Liu Zhou"@en . . . "Manchurian Western,"@en . "R\u00E0ng w\u01D2men de m\u01CEnz\u00FA g\u00F2ngh\u00E9gu\u00F3 zh\u00E0nf\u00E0ngle y\u012Bqi\u0101n ni\u00E1nl\u00EDng"@en . "Communism,"@en . "25"^^ . "220"^^ . "360"^^ . "W\u00E8il\u00E1n_de_m\u00EDg\u014Dng.png"@en . . "W\u00E8il\u00E1n de m\u00EDg\u014Dng, an example of of a modern anime inspired animation in Manchuria."@en . ".mu"@en . . "Little_Xie_Yuanhong_.jpg"@en . "National Congress"@en . . . "110.869"^^ . "12"^^ . "125"^^ . "Single-Party Socialist Republic"@en . . . "Flag_of_Manchuria.svg"@en . "2116"^^ . . . . . "1.902E12"^^ . "1949-08-15"^^ . "Deputy General Secretary of the CPM"@en . "Mapdprm.png"@en . . "Changchun, Manchuria"@en . "CommunistPartyDPRM.png"@en . "right"@en . . "Qin Shi Huang"@en . "Manchuria (Chinese: \u6EFF\u6D32\u91CC; pinyin: M\u01CEnzh\u014Dul\u01D0), officially the Democratic People's Republic of Manchuria, is a sovereign state located in East Asia. Manchuria is a single-party state governed by the Communist Party of Manchuria (commonly referred to as CPM), with its seat of government in the capital city of Changchun. It exercises jurisdiction over 14 provinces, three autonomous regions and 3 special economic regions. From northwest to northeast, Manchuria shares land borders with the Russian Federation, Mongolia, the People's Republic of China and the the DPRK (North Korea). The ancient Manchurian civilization - one of the world's earliest - flourished in the lush forests and river basins in the Eastern Asian Plains. For milliennia the political system was an imperial hereditary monarchy, beginning with semi-mythological dynasties such as the Wen-dynasty, perhaps as early as 2 500 BC. Manchuria's influence was at it's peak when Manchu armies invaded the Chinese Empire in 1644 and established the Manchu Qing Dynasty in China. It would last until the fall of imperial rule in China in 1912. Manchuria regained it's independence from China when Japanese occupation ceased after the Japanese defeat in World War II. After a brief armed conflict with the Chinese Kuomintang, the Republic of Manchuria declared itself an independent state from the Republic of China in 1947. A year later communist forces, backed by the communists in China under Mao Zedong and Stalin in the Soviet Union, took power in Manchuria. After having de facto been independent for 2 years, the country was finally recognized independent from the then in 1949, People's Republic of China. Thus, on the 15th of August 1949 the Democratic People's Republic of Manchuria was founded, under the rule of Wen Xienshan, who is still revered as the founding father of the republic, like Mao Zedong in China and Kim Il Sung in Korea. Since the introduction of economic reforms in the early 90s, Manchuria has become a fast growing, major Asian economy. It is rapidly becoming one of Asia's largest importer and exporter of goods. Manchuria has been a member of the United Nations since 1951. It is a member of the International-alliance."@en . . "43.1"^^ . . "1947"^^ . "Manchurian"@en . "Manchuria, officially the Kingdom of Manchuria (Mandarin: \u6EE1\u6D32\u738B\u56FD, M\u01CEnzh\u014Du W\u00E1nggu\u00F3) is a country in East Asia that borders Mongolia in the west, Buryatia to the northwest, the EF in the north and east, Korea to the southeast and China in the south. Its capital is Harbin."@en . "139"^^ . "12"^^ . "16"^^ . . "No"@en . . "Leftist"@en . . "Feng Huiyin"@en . . "E"@en . "\u6B4C\u5531\u7956\u570B"@en . "Manchu"@en . . "Atheist"@en . "Manchuria"@en . "high"@en . "19206.0"^^ . . "57"^^ . "\u3116\u3124 \u3128\u311B\u3107\u3123 \u3109\u311C \u3107\u311A\u310B\u3117\u3128 \u310D\u311B\u310B\u310D\u310F\u311D\u310D\u3121 \u3113\u3122\u3108\u3124\u310C\u311C \u3129\u3127\u3111\u3122 \u310B\u311E\u310C\u3127\u310B\u310D"@en . .