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Genus

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A genus (plural: genera, from Latin genus "descent, family, type, gender") is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the classification of living and fossil organisms. Like almost all other taxonomic units, genera may sometimes be divided into subgenera, singular: subgenus. The largest main taxonomic unit below the genus is the species. How to more precisely define a genus is a matter of continuing debate, as outlined a few paragraphs below this. The genus of an arthropod is the first part of their scientific names. Sometimes the genus is close to its family name or its order. An example of a genus with a name related to its order and family is Grylloblatta campodeiformis. A Genus (plural: genera) is a taxanomic rank in Linnaean classification, the rank above it is Kingdom and the rank below it is Species. A genus was the taxonomic rank above an individual species and below a taxonomic family. Ruah IV contained a genus of proto-hominids by 2369. (TNG: "The Chase" ) In 2372, Neelix referred to Tom Paris as a "subclass genus" after realizing that Paris was attracted to Kes. (VOY: "Parturition") In the binomial nomenclature used worldwide, the name of an organism is composed of two parts: its genus name (always capitalized) and a species modifier (known as the "epithet"). An example is Homo sapiens, the name for the human species which belongs to the genus Homo. See scientific classification and nomenclature Codes for more details of this system. Also see type genus. Each genus must have a designated type species (see Type (zoology)). The generic name is permanently associated with the type specimen of its type species. Many genera are divided into subgenera (singular subgenus). The genus is part of the Classification system in use in all the Creatures series games. The genus is the second number in the classification system, and defines the category to which any particular object belongs. Creatures will call any object in the same genus by the same name and, due to the limitations in their brain structure, cannot differentiate between objects beyond this level. For this reason it is important to make all COBs or agents in the same genus behave in similar ways so that creatures can learn about their world effectively. The plural of genus is "genera." A genus (plural: genera) is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the classification of living and fossil organisms. The taxonomic ranks are domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. The term comes from Latin genus "descent, family, type, gender" (plurals: genera), cognate with - genos, "race, stock, kin". The genera of monsters in Final Fantasy XII correspond with the monographs, which give additional loot drops. The monographs are bought at a shop's bazaar as "Forgotten Grimoire."

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In the binomial nomenclature used worldwide, the name of an organism is composed of two parts: its genus name (always capitalized) and a species modifier (known as the "epithet"). An example is Homo sapiens, the name for the human species which belongs to the genus Homo. See scientific classification and nomenclature Codes for more details of this system. Also see type genus. Each genus must have a designated type species (see Type (zoology)). The generic name is permanently associated with the type specimen of its type species. The boundaries between genera are historically subjective, but with the advent of phylogenetics, it is increasingly common for all taxonomic ranks above the species level to be restricted to demonstrably monophyletic groupings as has been the aim since the advent of evolutionary theory. Rules-of-thumb for delimiting a genus are outlined e.g. in Gill et al. (2005). According to these, a genus should fulfill 3 criteria to be descriptively useful: * monophyly - all descendants of an ancestral taxon are grouped together; * reasonable compactness - a genus should not be expanded needlessly; and * distinctness - in regards of evolutionarily relevant criteria, i.e. ecology, morphology, or biogeography; note that DNA sequences are a consequence rather than a condition of diverging evolutionarily lineages except in cases where they directly inhibit gene flow. Neither the ICZN nor the ICBN require such criteria for extablishment of a genus; they rather cover the formalities of what makes a description valid. Therefore, there has been for long a vigorous debate about what criteria to consider relevant for generic distinctness. At present, most of the classifications based on phenetics - overall similarity - are being gradually replaced by new ones based on cladistics (e.g., use of Reptilia and Amphibia in taxonomy is discouraged), though phenetics was only of major relevance for a comparatively short time around the 1960s before it turned out to be unworkable. The three criteria given above are almost always fulfillable for a given clade. An example where at least one is crassly violated no matter what the generic arrangement is are the dabbling ducks of the genus Anas, which are paraphyletic in regard to the extremely distinct moa-nalos. Considering them distinct genera (as is usually done) violates criterion 1, including them in Anas violates criterion 2 and 3, and splitting up Anas so that the mallard and the American black duck are in distinct genera violates criterion 3. Many genera are divided into subgenera (singular subgenus). A genus in one kingdom is allowed to bear a name that is in use as a genus name or other taxon name in another kingdom. Although this is discouraged by both the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature and the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature there are some five thousand such names that are in use in more than one kingdom. For instance, Anura is the name of the order of frogs but also is the name of a genus of plants (although not current: it is a synonym); and Aotus is the genus of golden peas and night monkeys; Oenanthe is the genus of wheatears and water dropworts, and Prunella is the genus of accentors and self-heal. Obviously, within the same kingdom one particular generic name can apply to only one genus. This explains why the platypus genus is named Ornithorhynchus — it was indeed given the name Platypus, by George Shaw in 1799, but by then that name had already been given to the pinhole borer beetle by Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Herbst in 1793. Names with the same form but applying to different taxa are called homonyms. Since beetles and platypuses are both members of the kingdom Animalia, the name Platypus could not be used for both. Johann Friedrich Blumenbach published the replacement name Ornithorhynchus in 1800. A genus was the taxonomic rank above an individual species and below a taxonomic family. Ruah IV contained a genus of proto-hominids by 2369. (TNG: "The Chase" ) In 2372, Neelix referred to Tom Paris as a "subclass genus" after realizing that Paris was attracted to Kes. (VOY: "Parturition") A Genus (plural: genera) is a taxanomic rank in Linnaean classification, the rank above it is Kingdom and the rank below it is Species. The genera of monsters in Final Fantasy XII correspond with the monographs, which give additional loot drops. The monographs are bought at a shop's bazaar as "Forgotten Grimoire." A genus (plural: genera) is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the classification of living and fossil organisms. The taxonomic ranks are domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. The term comes from Latin genus "descent, family, type, gender" (plurals: genera), cognate with - genos, "race, stock, kin". The genus is part of the Classification system in use in all the Creatures series games. The genus is the second number in the classification system, and defines the category to which any particular object belongs. Creatures will call any object in the same genus by the same name and, due to the limitations in their brain structure, cannot differentiate between objects beyond this level. For this reason it is important to make all COBs or agents in the same genus behave in similar ways so that creatures can learn about their world effectively. As creatures are effectively "blind," and in C3/DS navigate by smells emitted by the CAOS script of an object, and the fact that there are actually very few smells (Cellular Automata) that creatures understand, they will be unable to tell the difference between any given two toys. The plural of genus is "genera." A genus (plural: genera, from Latin genus "descent, family, type, gender") is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the classification of living and fossil organisms. Like almost all other taxonomic units, genera may sometimes be divided into subgenera, singular: subgenus. The largest main taxonomic unit below the genus is the species. How to more precisely define a genus is a matter of continuing debate, as outlined a few paragraphs below this. The genus of an arthropod is the first part of their scientific names. Sometimes the genus is close to its family name or its order. An example of a genus with a name related to its order and family is Grylloblatta campodeiformis.

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