"Image gallery"@en . . . "20"^^ . . . "General"@en . "J.D. Stryker"@en . "6"^^ . "Event history"@en . . . "J.D. Stryker"@en . "#FFFFFF"@en . "J.D. Stryker was an American Professional wrestler."@en . "2.2"^^ . "J.D. Stryker"@en . "#FFE93E"@en . . . . "silver"@en . "J.D. Stryker was an American Professional wrestler."@en .