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Gertrude Stein Gertrude Stein Gertrude Stein

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Gertrude Stein était une écrivaine terrienne du 20ème siècle. (Réalité extrapolée *) Elle fut à bord de l'Orient Express dans le même wagon que Sigmund Freud, ils dinèrent alors tous deux ensemble chaque soir. (TNG: "Emergence") Gertrude Stein (February 3, 1874 – July 27, 1946) was an American writer of novels, poetry and plays. Born in West Allegheny (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and raised in Oakland, California, Stein moved to Paris in 1903, making France her home for the remainder of her life. A literary innovator and pioneer of Modernist literature, Stein’s work broke with the narrative, linear, and temporal conventions of 19th-century. She was also known as a collector of Modernist art. Gertrude Stein is an American expatriate author, famous for writing, "A rose is a rose is a rose is a rose." Dot makes a paper plate mask of Stein in Baloney and Friends. Stein is also referenced when Yakko, Wakko, and Dot visit Ernest Hemmingway, who was an acquaintance of Stein. Gertrude Stein was a American writer and poet who lived in Paris for much of her career and was a catalyst in the development of modern art and literature. In 1904, along with her brother, Leo Stein, she opened a gallery in Paris, where she showed many modern pieces, including works by Picasso. Among her social circle included Pablo Picasso, Fernande Olivier, and Georges Braque. In 1907, she met Alice B. Toklas, who would be her life partner. Some of her most famous works are Three Lives (1909), Tender Buttons (1914), The Making of Americans (1925) and The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas (1933). Gertrude Stein (February 3, 1874 – July 27, 1946) was an American writer who became an important figure in the modernist movement. She spent most of her life in France. In 1903, Gertrude Stein moved to Paris during the height of artistic creativity gathering in Montparnasse. She lived there with her brother Leo until 1914. Both were interested in art, and acquired one of the earliest collections of modern art by painters such as Pablo Picasso, Henri Matisse, André Derain, Georges Braque, and Juan Gris. This led to friendships with some of these artists, such as Picasso and Matisse, and attracted other artists and writers from the avant garde, such as the poet, dramatist, critic, journalist Guillaume Apollinaire. Gertrude Stein (February 3, 1874 – July 27, 1946) was a Jewish American writer (born in Allegheny, Pennsylvania) and one of the leaders of the literary modernism movement. Some of her most famous works include The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas, The Making of Americans, and Three Lives. Noted for being highly innovative in her approach to language and writing, she was enormously influential on several authors such as Ernest Hemingway and F. Scott Fitzgerald, as well as artist Pablo Picasso. She was the center and the most dominant personality in the Lost Generation circle of American ex-patriates in Paris in the 1920s. Gertrude Stein was an American writer, whose work was popular during the first half of the 20th century. She once coincidentally was on the same car as Sigmund Freud on the Orient Express, where they had dinner together every evening. (TNG: "Emergence" ) Gertrude Stein era una scrittrice americana, i cui lavori erano popolari durante la prima metà del XX secolo. Viaggiò coincidentalmente sullo stesso vagone di Sigmund Freud sull'Orient Express, dove cenavano insieme ogni sera. (TNG: "Una nuova vita")

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1874-02-03

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Neuilly-sur-Seine, France

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Gertrude Stein

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Gertrude Stein

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Allegheny, Pennsylvania, USA

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Alice B. Toklas 1907

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1946-07-27

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Writer

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Writer, poet

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Female

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1946-07-27

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1874-02-03

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Gertrude Stein (February 3, 1874 – July 27, 1946) was an American writer who became an important figure in the modernist movement. She spent most of her life in France. In 1903, Gertrude Stein moved to Paris during the height of artistic creativity gathering in Montparnasse. She lived there with her brother Leo until 1914. Both were interested in art, and acquired one of the earliest collections of modern art by painters such as Pablo Picasso, Henri Matisse, André Derain, Georges Braque, and Juan Gris. This led to friendships with some of these artists, such as Picasso and Matisse, and attracted other artists and writers from the avant garde, such as the poet, dramatist, critic, journalist Guillaume Apollinaire. Stein's writing often reflects the impressionist style of these artists, using language to create sensory impressions rather than providing clear narrative structures. Stein believed that this was a more effective way to convey ideas through language. For example, Stein remarked about her famous sentence, "Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose" that in that sentence "...the rose was red for the first time in the English language." One of Stein's most significant influences was painter Paul Cézanne, whose work some critics have said inspired Stein's "equality" of language, both in a political and linguistic sense. She also cultivated friendships with writers such as Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Sherwood Anderson, Ezra Pound, and Thornton Wilder. Stein began to explore her sexuality in writings such as the novel Q.E.D. (Quod Erat Demonstratum), which explored lesbian relationships she had had. "Miss Furr and Miss Skeene" (or "Helen Furr and Georgine Skeene") may have been the first time the word "gay" appeared in print to describe same sex relationships. It contained the word gay over one hundred times. Critics denounced not only her lesbianism, but the unconventional language. For example, composer Constant Lambert said of the line "[E]veryday they were gay there, they were regularly gay there everyday", that the "effect would be equally appreciated by someone with no knowledge of English whatsoever." The experimentation Stein employed influenced her literary friends, such as Hemingway and Anderson. In the 1922 introduction of her Geography and Plays, Anderson wrote of Stein: For me the work of Gertrude Stein consists in a rebuilding, an entirely new recasting of life, in the city of words. Here is one artist who has been able to accept ridicule, who has even forgone the privilege of writing the great American novel, uplifting our English speaking stage, and wearing the bays of the great poets to go live among the little housekeeping words, the swaggering bullying street-corner words, the honest working, money saving words and all the other forgotten and neglected citizens of the sacred and half forgotten city. Tender Buttons: objects, food, rooms is a lengthy 1914 poem that celebrates lesbian sexuality and employs various linguistic experiments such as the wordplay in puns on "box" and "cow." Words are also used differently than their accepted dictionary definitions. Stein felt that these words had lost their efficacy and ability to communicate, so she instead drew upon their etymologies and syllabic impressions to give them new meanings. The themes and non-traditional style led feminist thinkers to declare that Stein had dismantled and rebuilt patriarchal language, serving as a model of how to separate themselves from oppressive traditions. Stein met her lifelong partner, Alice B. Toklas, on September 8, 1907. Toklas often served as a literary inspiration--such as in Stein's work The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas (published 1933). It is written about Stein's life through the perspective of Toklas, conveying her way of thinking and her private opinions about Stein. The work remains frustratingly difficult to categorize--is it biography, autobiography, or fiction? This was another example of how Stein challenged aesthetic tradition. In 1914, Stein's friendship with her brother fell apart and he left their apartment. Tolkas then moved in. Toklas helped Stein with many of her writings by typing out what Stein had written in longhand. During World War I, the two of them volunteered to drive supplies to French hospitals. The French government later honored their activities. Stein and Toklas, both of Jewish descent, escaped persecution during World War II, due to both being known as Americans rather than Jews and the protection of Nazi collaborator Bernard Faÿ. Prior to World War II, she made a sarcastic statement in New York Times Magazine (May 6, 1934) that Adolf Hitler should be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. "I say that Hitler ought to have the peace prize, because he is removing all the elements of contest and of struggle from Germany. By driving out the Jews and the democratic and Left element, he is driving out everything that conduces to activity. That means peace ... By suppressing Jews ... he was ending struggle in Germany." Stein was later to comment on Hilter, Mussolini, and Roosevelt: "There is too much fathering going on just now and there is no doubt about it fathers are depressing" (Blackner 1995). After the war, Gertrude's status in Paris grew when she was visited by many young American soldiers. She died at the age of 72 from stomach cancer in Neuilly-sur-Seine on July 27, 1946, and was interred in Paris in the Père Lachaise cemetery. In one account by Toklas, when Stein was being wheeled into the operating room for surgery on her stomach, she asked Toklas, "What is the answer?" When Toklas did not answer, Stein said, "In that case, what is the question?" Stein named writer and photographer Carl Van Vechten as her literary executor, and he helped to usher into print works of hers which remained unpublished at the time of her death. A monument to Stein stands on the Upper Terrace of Bryant Park, New York. Gertrude Stein was an American writer, whose work was popular during the first half of the 20th century. She once coincidentally was on the same car as Sigmund Freud on the Orient Express, where they had dinner together every evening. (TNG: "Emergence" ) Gertrude Stein était une écrivaine terrienne du 20ème siècle. (Réalité extrapolée *) Elle fut à bord de l'Orient Express dans le même wagon que Sigmund Freud, ils dinèrent alors tous deux ensemble chaque soir. (TNG: "Emergence") Gertrude Stein era una scrittrice americana, i cui lavori erano popolari durante la prima metà del XX secolo. Viaggiò coincidentalmente sullo stesso vagone di Sigmund Freud sull'Orient Express, dove cenavano insieme ogni sera. (TNG: "Una nuova vita") Gertrude Stein (February 3, 1874 – July 27, 1946) was a Jewish American writer (born in Allegheny, Pennsylvania) and one of the leaders of the literary modernism movement. Some of her most famous works include The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas, The Making of Americans, and Three Lives. Noted for being highly innovative in her approach to language and writing, she was enormously influential on several authors such as Ernest Hemingway and F. Scott Fitzgerald, as well as artist Pablo Picasso. She was the center and the most dominant personality in the Lost Generation circle of American ex-patriates in Paris in the 1920s. Stein studied psychology under William James (graduated magna cum laude in 1898), and made medical studies at Johns Hopkins Medical School (leaving to Paris with no degree, 1903). In 1922, she and her lover Alice B. Toklas received from the French government the Medaille de la Reconnaissance Française. Gertrude Stein is an American expatriate author, famous for writing, "A rose is a rose is a rose is a rose." Dot makes a paper plate mask of Stein in Baloney and Friends. Stein is also referenced when Yakko, Wakko, and Dot visit Ernest Hemmingway, who was an acquaintance of Stein. Gertrude Stein (February 3, 1874 – July 27, 1946) was an American writer of novels, poetry and plays. Born in West Allegheny (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and raised in Oakland, California, Stein moved to Paris in 1903, making France her home for the remainder of her life. A literary innovator and pioneer of Modernist literature, Stein’s work broke with the narrative, linear, and temporal conventions of 19th-century. She was also known as a collector of Modernist art. In 1933, Stein published a kind of memoir of her Paris years, The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas, written in the voice of Toklas, her life partner. The book became a literary bestseller and vaulted Stein from the relative obscurity of cult literary figure into the light of mainstream attention. Gertrude Stein was a American writer and poet who lived in Paris for much of her career and was a catalyst in the development of modern art and literature. In 1904, along with her brother, Leo Stein, she opened a gallery in Paris, where she showed many modern pieces, including works by Picasso. Among her social circle included Pablo Picasso, Fernande Olivier, and Georges Braque. In 1907, she met Alice B. Toklas, who would be her life partner. Some of her most famous works are Three Lives (1909), Tender Buttons (1914), The Making of Americans (1925) and The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas (1933). In September 1908, Stein was a guest at a party thrown by Picasso in the upstairs of Le Lapin Agile for Henri Rousseau. She and Toklas were discussing art with the dealer, Kahnweiler, when Olivier introduced them to two young Americans, Indiana Jones and Norman Rockwell.

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