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The settlement of Fort Maurepas or Old Biloxi, in colonial French Louisiana (New France), began in April 1699 along the Gulf of Mexico (at present-day Ocean Springs, MS). Fort Maurepas was the capital of Louisiana (in New France) in 1719, when the capital was being moved from Mobile (in present-day Alabama), while government buildings at New Orleans were still under construction.

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  • Fort Maurepas
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  • The settlement of Fort Maurepas or Old Biloxi, in colonial French Louisiana (New France), began in April 1699 along the Gulf of Mexico (at present-day Ocean Springs, MS). Fort Maurepas was the capital of Louisiana (in New France) in 1719, when the capital was being moved from Mobile (in present-day Alabama), while government buildings at New Orleans were still under construction.
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abstract
  • The settlement of Fort Maurepas or Old Biloxi, in colonial French Louisiana (New France), began in April 1699 along the Gulf of Mexico (at present-day Ocean Springs, MS). Fort Maurepas was the capital of Louisiana (in New France) in 1719, when the capital was being moved from Mobile (in present-day Alabama), while government buildings at New Orleans were still under construction. The fort had been completed on May 1, 1699 under direction of French explorer Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville, who soon sailed for France on May 4. He appointed his teenage brother Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville as second in command after the French commandant Sauvolle de la Villantry (c.1671-1701). The name Biloxi in French was "Bilocci" (and the camp also known in French as "fort Maurepas" to honor Louis Phélypeaux, comte de Maurepas); but the name of the site was sometimes translated into English as "Fort Bilocci" on maps updated circa the years 1710/1725. In 1719, the administrative capital of French Louisiana was moved to Old Biloxi from Mobile (or Mobille), during the War of the Quadruple Alliance (1718–1720) against Spain. French Louisiana (part of New France) was known in French as La Louisiane in colonial times, but in modern times is called "La Louisiane française" to distinguish from the modern state of Louisiana (also "Louisiane" in French). Due to hurricanes and shifting sand bars blocking harbor waters during the 18th century, the capital of French Louisiana was moved to Nouveau-Biloxi (present-day Biloxi), across Biloxi Bay. Afterward, in 1719, Fort Maurepas (at Old Biloxi) was burned, and never reconstructed by the French. Later, during June–August 1722, the capital was moved again, by colonial governor Bienville, from Biloxi to deeper waters in the Mississippi River at a new inland harbor town named La Nouvelle-Orléans (New Orleans), built for the purpose during 1718-1722. In modern times, a replica of Fort Maurepas had been built at the site, but it was badly damaged by Hurricane Katrina in August 2005, when all coastal areas of Mississippi were devastated by a storm tide exceeding 30 feet (9 m) with higher waves, flooding all coastal towns over 90%.
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