| abstract
| - Insulin resistance describes a condition in which the the insulin secreted by the pancreas becomes increasingly inadequate to get normal response from the cells of the body. Nutrition from the food is absorbed into the bloodstream in the form of glucose and other substances. Any increase of glucose in the blood stream beyond the normally acceptable level triggers pancreas to increase the secretion of insulin, and the insulin gets attached to the cells and removes excess glucose from the bloodstream for use as energy. People suffering from insulin resistance may develop high levels of blood sugar and may develop diabetes.
- Insulin resistance refers to a body's inability to use normal amounts of insulin. There is more than one cause of insulin resistance -- the most commonly mentioned by vets is that due to an autoimmune disorder. Insulin resistance can show up when your pet is newly diagnosed, shortly after diagnosis, or some time after this. Instead of using the insulin, the immune system chooses to view it as something foreign, and it is attacked by antibodies. This is much like how one's body works at defending itself from a cold or flu. The resistance can appear any time the body has decided to reject the insulin. Since technically, the insulin one injects is viewed by the body as something other than its own, there will be some degree of resistance to it in the form of antibodies. This becomes a problem when 70% or more of the injected insulin is rendered ineffective due to antibody binding. Antibodies which are not present to the degree of resistance above, can mean slower onset and peak of insulin, with a longer duration. Bovine insulin is 3 amino acids removed from a perfect match to native human insulin; beef Ultralente has a longer duration than Lantus in people. The Axiom Labs article linked below defines autoimmune insulin resistance as requiring a dose > (greater than) 2.2 iu/kg--more than 2.2 units per 2.2lb of body weight at a single dose. Animal Medicine Center of New York defines it as pronounced hyperglycemia throughout the day when insulin dosages are greater than 1.5 iu/kg per shot. Other definitions available are based on units per pound but are unclear regarding whether it means total amount of insulin given in a day or per dose. These two using kilograms leaves no doubt regarding that it is on a per dose basis. It is also possible to have symptoms of insulin resistance where the resistance is not directed at the insulin itself, but rather at other proteins present in its composition. Insulins which are either protamine-suspended or Protamine Zinc (PZI) all contain protamine, which is also a protein. It's therefore possible to have an immune reaction to the suspension. Changing to a suspension not containing protamine should solve this. What insulin resistance looks like--this animal is being treated with twice daily Lente insulin injections (Species of animal & insulin not stated). Note: the blood glucose measurements are in mmol/l (non-US) values. Insulin resistance is also known as Insulin antagonism.
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