| rdfs:comment | - R is the first letter of the pirate alphabet. R is properly pronounced as arr. Not to be confused with its evil twin Я. R was also an albino who freed the world from the rule of Jesus in 1860, which eventually led to the United States civil war.
- Codename: R is one of Dr.Hell's creations from Horror Park. He is described as a robot with loose screws, emotionless, kind, harmless, and innocent. His silent movements make it very difficult to trace him, and it seems as though he could teleport when his rage activates.
- Records - Term used to describe the "structure" into which data is entered.
- R was the implied codename of Q's assistant in the 1999 James Bond film The World Is Not Enough. His character became the new Q in Die Another Day (2002) and made his final appearance in the subsequent video-game Everything or Nothing (2003). The character was primarily portrayed by John Cleese, with Miles Anderson standing in for the video-game Agent Under Fire (2001). In 2008 the R code-name saw a return in Sebastian Faulks' novel Devil May Care as the SIS Psychological Fitness Assessor.
- HONK HONK, I'M A CLOWN!
- R is a theater in Shelbyville.
- R was a mysterious gangster who owned a space station in the Cularin system. During the Clone Wars, Jedi Master Darrus Jeht, the Jedi Trilinae Untaire and the smuggler Milinae Untaire attempted to discover R's true identity, but they were unable to find out much about the gangster and did not even know what gender the criminal was. Around this time, R destroyed Milinae's starship and the smuggler subsequently attempted to steal a yacht from R's space station, as a replacement.
- Star Wars Galaxies Server.
- SLASH'EM introduces new creatures that use the r glyph:
* r rodent:
* r rabbit
* r black rat
* r rabid rabbit
* r pack rat
* r hellrat
* r Rat King
- R は、ラテン文字(アルファベット)の18番目の文字。小文字は r 。ギリシャ文字のΡ(ロー)に由来し、キリル文字のР(エル)と同系の文字である。
- Rabid ravioli robe robber robot goes here. Or maybe to Rome. Rob robs you of reeking rags right on the mumble. Or does he... it may be Ryan!
- While both R/neutral and semilente insulins are considered , they differ in a few ways. As above, there's no suspension or buffer in R/neutral; it's totally dissolved and soluble, meaning it can safely be used . The very small insulin particles in semilente insulin are suspended by zinc. Semilente is cloudy, has an acetate buffer and cannot be used . R/Neutral insulin cannot be reliably mixed with Lente or Ultralente insulins. Semilente can; the ratio of 3 parts semilente insulin to 7 parts ultralente insulin produces Lente insulin.
- buzzwords commençant par R:
- R ist ein 400 Seiten dickes Buch zu Metal Gear, welches der japanischen Premium-Edition zu Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater beilag.
- Le R est la huitième lettre de l'alphabet en partant du Z. L'utilité du R n'est plus à prouver, seuls ceux qui ne manquent pas d'R peuvent dire le contr'R. Ces derniers, sans doute victimes d'un appel d'R, ont d'ailleurs souvent un R emprunté.
- R is the eighteenth letter in the English alphabet.
- R，是包括英文在内，欧洲高达八成的国家的第十八个字母，但是对中国人来说只是一个惊叹的语助词。
- R (アール, aru) is one of the mascot characters in Summon Night 3. He only appear in the story if the player chooses Nup as the student
- R Company: R Foundation for Statistical Computing Author: R Development Core Team (Freeware) (open source: GNU GPL) Windows OS: Windows 95/98/ME/NT/2000/XP Other OS: Mac OS X; Linux; Unix Languages: English; Japanese and other languages Description: Comprehensive interactive statistical and scientific computing package. Builtin object oriented programming language, GUI front ends (), manuals, comprehensive help pages, 2D and 3D graphics (gallery at ), online RNews newsletter, books and other publications, regular conferences, high volume mailing lists, 800 free addon packages (up from 600 and 400 last year and the year before). Home page: download page v 2.4.0 (2006-10-03) [ R-2.4.0-win32.exe (28618 KB)]
- R, used by preps on MySpace, is also the first letter of the alphabet, created in a zoo in 1996. Previous letter: "Q" Next letter: "S"
- R - taka litera której wymowa od zawsze robiła zamieszanie. Z dziwnych przyczyn nie potrafią jej wymawiać dzieci (niektórzy dorośli też), dlatego zastępują ją literą L lub rzadziej J.
- R was born with the other letters, but was rather reclusive. R always ran around telling people "Rrr..." They decided he was insane, and locked him up, but when it turned out he wasn't, they took him to The German Prison so he would be. He went insane, and was let out, so he started ROARING. He then ran when the Police came. R reluctantly ran back to ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ, who accepted him. R now works with ISN as a member of their "Work Team", which just means the guys that sit around all day in an office and collect paychecks.
- THESAURO: Ra – Re - Rh - Ri - Rn - Ro - Rp - Rr - Ru DICTIONARIO: RA – RE - RH - RI - RN - RO - RP - RR - RU
- Rowing 賽艇運動 Rock-Climbing 攀岩運動 Rebounding 跳蹦床運動 Rogallist 懸掛式滑翔機運動員 Race Walking 競走 Racquetball 短柄牆球 Rackets 壁球 Roller Derby 輪式溜冰競賽大會 Rugby 橄欖球 Relay Race 接力賽 Regatta 划船比賽
- As the grandson of the Raikage, a traditional contest was held to find him a suitable tag-team partner, but none of the children could keep up with him, a fact that saddened R immensely. As a prodigy and the family of the Fourth Raikage, R grew up isolated from children his own age.
- R-Fool is a Raven seen exclusively in Armored Core: Last Raven Portable's EX Arena.
- En’ andalú iguá k’ en muxoh’ idiomah, a prinzipio de palabra z’ emplea la rra zimple anke ze pronunzie doble, h’ una norma gramátiká.
- R is a letter. It is one of the 21 consonants. It's the 18th letter of the alphabet, coming after Q.
- The value is treated as radians regardless of mode. It returns the value for use in sin( and related commands. If the mode is Radian, it multiplies value by 1. If the mode is Degree, it multiplies value by .
- "Happy New Years!
* This item is for use in the New Years event."
- The definitions on this page originally appeared on the United States Environmental Protection Agency's website. Radiation: Transmission of energy though space or any medium. Also known as radiant energy. Radiation Standards: Regulations that set maximum exposure limits for protection of the public from radioactive materials. Radio Frequency Radiation: (See non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation.) Radioactive Decay: Spontaneous change in an atom by emission of of charged particles and/or gamma rays; also known as radioactive disintegration and radioactivity. Red Bag Waste: (See: infectious waste.)
- This ability is often mistaken for the ability of the Sharingan to break down, analyse and decipher movements to either predict or copy them. Indeed, without the Uchiha’s doujutsu, such a feat would seem to be simply unachievable. And yet, with constant training and with a sufficiently high perception and enhanced eyesight, a so-to-say ‘normal’ ninja can mimic this anticipation aspect of the Sharingan to a certain extent. Stage 1 Requirements: None Shura no Waza: Jiko Kyoudou (Art of Fighting: Self Instruction) Requirements: Shura no Waza: Sentou Kaiseiki
- R is an implementation of the S programming language combined with lexical scoping semantics inspired by Scheme. S was created by John Chambers while at Bell Labs. R was created by Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman at the University of Auckland, New Zealand, and is now developed by the R Development Core Team, of which Chambers is a member. R is named partly after the first names of the first two R authors (Robert Gentleman and Ross Ihaka), and partly as a play on the name of S.
- Radscha * Raha °1 * Ráha °2 * Raja * Rajah * Ramos, Edessa * Range * Rapid Arnis * Ratán * Rattan * Rauscher, Hans-Dieter * Rayna * Rebólber * Recontrada * Recontradas * Recontras °1 * Recontras °2 * Redoble * Redonda °1 * Redonda °2 * Redonda °3 * Redondo °1 * Redondo °2 * Reklámo * Rektánggulo * Rekwérdo * Relihiyón * Reló * Relós * Remédyo * Rendído * Repetasion * Repetasyon * Repeticion * Repinádo * Resistensiya * Retirada * Retirada Caballero * Retirada Illustrissimo * Retirado * Retreating Stil * Reversblock * Revershaltung * Rewa * Réyna * Rigonan-Estalilla Kabaroan * Rilós * Rindé * Rindído * Ripelon * Riterada °1 * Riterada °2 * Riterada Sti *l Rizal, Jose; Dr. * Rizal Arnis * Rompida °1 * Rompida °2 * Rompida °3 * Rompida °4 * Ronda * Rondalla * Roof Block * Ropillon * Rot °1 *
|
| abstract | - R is the first letter of the pirate alphabet. R is properly pronounced as arr. Not to be confused with its evil twin Я. R was also an albino who freed the world from the rule of Jesus in 1860, which eventually led to the United States civil war.
- Codename: R is one of Dr.Hell's creations from Horror Park. He is described as a robot with loose screws, emotionless, kind, harmless, and innocent. His silent movements make it very difficult to trace him, and it seems as though he could teleport when his rage activates.
- Records - Term used to describe the "structure" into which data is entered.
- R was the implied codename of Q's assistant in the 1999 James Bond film The World Is Not Enough. His character became the new Q in Die Another Day (2002) and made his final appearance in the subsequent video-game Everything or Nothing (2003). The character was primarily portrayed by John Cleese, with Miles Anderson standing in for the video-game Agent Under Fire (2001). In 2008 the R code-name saw a return in Sebastian Faulks' novel Devil May Care as the SIS Psychological Fitness Assessor.
- This ability is often mistaken for the ability of the Sharingan to break down, analyse and decipher movements to either predict or copy them. Indeed, without the Uchiha’s doujutsu, such a feat would seem to be simply unachievable. And yet, with constant training and with a sufficiently high perception and enhanced eyesight, a so-to-say ‘normal’ ninja can mimic this anticipation aspect of the Sharingan to a certain extent. Stage 1 Requirements: None -At this level, the user is able to recognise the fighting style of his enemy within a few glances. With this knowledge, he is able to gauge whether he needs to adopt a defensive or offensive stance towards his enemy. When facing opponents who make use of common fighting techniques, it is of course easier for the user to predict their movements and anticipate them. This does not necessarily mean that the opponent can be countered though... -Knowing the counter to a fighting style doesn’t necessarily imply that one is able to defeat it. For this the user must be sharp enough to see through his opponents movements and find anomalies in his style. While doing so, the user can take advantage of those flaws to create openings for himself. Also, should both fighters use the same style, the user can see his own mistakes in his opponent's and eventually correct them accordingly to perfect his style. -Although inadequate to see past complex fighting styles, this level of skill allows the user to grasp fully the mechanism of the most common forms of combat. Having seen those techniques several times before, he develops a conditionned reflex allowing him to unconsciously anticipate the opponent's move and counter him, provided he is physically up to the task. -Complex fighting styles can now be broken down and analysed in detail by the user but the latter can only dodge the attacks of his opponent without being able to strike back lest being hit. -While he was unable to read the moves of his opponent and find openings in his guard at the same time in the previous level, the user is now capable of doing so. Still, he also exposes himself to receive a few hits (though much less than before) but he is nonetheless able to minimise the damage to his body. However, much stress is put on the brain at this stage and abuse can be very dangerous. (After 3 posts, the user is left paralysed due to a temporary mental breakdown.) -At this stage, taijutsu no longer holds any secrets for the user who has now mastered the art of combat analysis. Any fighting style can be instantly recognised and the counter found within seconds. Yet there is a very high price to pay in exchange for this skill. Besides putting loads of strain on the body which has to cope with the opponent's speed, a tremendous amount of mental strain is put on the brain which has to process ten times as much information in the same time period. (If maintained for more than 2 posts, the user's brain cells are literally fried and the user becomes nothing less than a human vegetable.) Shura no Waza: Jiko Kyoudou (Art of Fighting: Self Instruction) Requirements: Shura no Waza: Sentou Kaiseiki -After having seen a specific (universal) fighting style e.g. Gouken, the user is able to teach it to himself without the need for a tutor. Of course, he has to go through the long learning curve from the very beginning, irrespective of his level. Tenken (Divine Fist) Requirements: Gouken -A skill developed without any reason but which serves well its purpose, the Tenken is thought to be the result of a various attempts to combine the Jyuuken and Tekken. Gathering chakra around his fist, the user strikes his opponent head-on while at the same time he unleashes the accumulated swirling energy. The energy is scattered in random directions because of lack of control but this can be perfected following the same training as a Rasengan user would follow. However, most Tenken users keep their knowledge of control to the strict necessary since reaching higher levels would require too much effort. Effects of this technique are, as expected, both internal and external damage to the body.
- Radscha * Raha °1 * Ráha °2 * Raja * Rajah * Ramos, Edessa * Range * Rapid Arnis * Ratán * Rattan * Rauscher, Hans-Dieter * Rayna * Rebólber * Recontrada * Recontradas * Recontras °1 * Recontras °2 * Redoble * Redonda °1 * Redonda °2 * Redonda °3 * Redondo °1 * Redondo °2 * Reklámo * Rektánggulo * Rekwérdo * Relihiyón * Reló * Relós * Remédyo * Rendído * Repetasion * Repetasyon * Repeticion * Repinádo * Resistensiya * Retirada * Retirada Caballero * Retirada Illustrissimo * Retirado * Retreating Stil * Reversblock * Revershaltung * Rewa * Réyna * Rigonan-Estalilla Kabaroan * Rilós * Rindé * Rindído * Ripelon * Riterada °1 * Riterada °2 * Riterada Sti *l Rizal, Jose; Dr. * Rizal Arnis * Rompida °1 * Rompida °2 * Rompida °3 * Rompida °4 * Ronda * Rondalla * Roof Block * Ropillon * Rot °1 * Rot °2 * Rot °3 * Rot °4 * Rumpida * Rupók *
- HONK HONK, I'M A CLOWN!
- R is a theater in Shelbyville.
- R was a mysterious gangster who owned a space station in the Cularin system. During the Clone Wars, Jedi Master Darrus Jeht, the Jedi Trilinae Untaire and the smuggler Milinae Untaire attempted to discover R's true identity, but they were unable to find out much about the gangster and did not even know what gender the criminal was. Around this time, R destroyed Milinae's starship and the smuggler subsequently attempted to steal a yacht from R's space station, as a replacement.
- Star Wars Galaxies Server.
- SLASH'EM introduces new creatures that use the r glyph:
* r rodent:
* r rabbit
* r black rat
* r rabid rabbit
* r pack rat
* r hellrat
* r Rat King
- R は、ラテン文字(アルファベット)の18番目の文字。小文字は r 。ギリシャ文字のΡ(ロー)に由来し、キリル文字のР(エル)と同系の文字である。
- Rabid ravioli robe robber robot goes here. Or maybe to Rome. Rob robs you of reeking rags right on the mumble. Or does he... it may be Ryan!
- While both R/neutral and semilente insulins are considered , they differ in a few ways. As above, there's no suspension or buffer in R/neutral; it's totally dissolved and soluble, meaning it can safely be used . The very small insulin particles in semilente insulin are suspended by zinc. Semilente is cloudy, has an acetate buffer and cannot be used . R/Neutral insulin cannot be reliably mixed with Lente or Ultralente insulins. Semilente can; the ratio of 3 parts semilente insulin to 7 parts ultralente insulin produces Lente insulin.
- buzzwords commençant par R:
- R is an implementation of the S programming language combined with lexical scoping semantics inspired by Scheme. S was created by John Chambers while at Bell Labs. R was created by Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman at the University of Auckland, New Zealand, and is now developed by the R Development Core Team, of which Chambers is a member. R is named partly after the first names of the first two R authors (Robert Gentleman and Ross Ihaka), and partly as a play on the name of S. R is part of the GNU project. Its source code is freely available under the GNU General Public License, and pre-compiled binary versions are provided for various operating systems. R uses a command line interface, however several graphical user interfaces are available for use with R.
- R ist ein 400 Seiten dickes Buch zu Metal Gear, welches der japanischen Premium-Edition zu Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater beilag.
- Le R est la huitième lettre de l'alphabet en partant du Z. L'utilité du R n'est plus à prouver, seuls ceux qui ne manquent pas d'R peuvent dire le contr'R. Ces derniers, sans doute victimes d'un appel d'R, ont d'ailleurs souvent un R emprunté.
- R is the eighteenth letter in the English alphabet.
- R，是包括英文在内，欧洲高达八成的国家的第十八个字母，但是对中国人来说只是一个惊叹的语助词。
- R (アール, aru) is one of the mascot characters in Summon Night 3. He only appear in the story if the player chooses Nup as the student
- R Company: R Foundation for Statistical Computing Author: R Development Core Team (Freeware) (open source: GNU GPL) Windows OS: Windows 95/98/ME/NT/2000/XP Other OS: Mac OS X; Linux; Unix Languages: English; Japanese and other languages Description: Comprehensive interactive statistical and scientific computing package. Builtin object oriented programming language, GUI front ends (), manuals, comprehensive help pages, 2D and 3D graphics (gallery at ), online RNews newsletter, books and other publications, regular conferences, high volume mailing lists, 800 free addon packages (up from 600 and 400 last year and the year before). Home page: download page v 2.4.0 (2006-10-03) [ R-2.4.0-win32.exe (28618 KB)]
- R, used by preps on MySpace, is also the first letter of the alphabet, created in a zoo in 1996. Previous letter: "Q" Next letter: "S"
- R - taka litera której wymowa od zawsze robiła zamieszanie. Z dziwnych przyczyn nie potrafią jej wymawiać dzieci (niektórzy dorośli też), dlatego zastępują ją literą L lub rzadziej J.
- R was born with the other letters, but was rather reclusive. R always ran around telling people "Rrr..." They decided he was insane, and locked him up, but when it turned out he wasn't, they took him to The German Prison so he would be. He went insane, and was let out, so he started ROARING. He then ran when the Police came. R reluctantly ran back to ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ, who accepted him. R now works with ISN as a member of their "Work Team", which just means the guys that sit around all day in an office and collect paychecks.
- THESAURO: Ra – Re - Rh - Ri - Rn - Ro - Rp - Rr - Ru DICTIONARIO: RA – RE - RH - RI - RN - RO - RP - RR - RU
- Rowing 賽艇運動 Rock-Climbing 攀岩運動 Rebounding 跳蹦床運動 Rogallist 懸掛式滑翔機運動員 Race Walking 競走 Racquetball 短柄牆球 Rackets 壁球 Roller Derby 輪式溜冰競賽大會 Rugby 橄欖球 Relay Race 接力賽 Regatta 划船比賽
- As the grandson of the Raikage, a traditional contest was held to find him a suitable tag-team partner, but none of the children could keep up with him, a fact that saddened R immensely. As a prodigy and the family of the Fourth Raikage, R grew up isolated from children his own age.
- R-Fool is a Raven seen exclusively in Armored Core: Last Raven Portable's EX Arena.
- En’ andalú iguá k’ en muxoh’ idiomah, a prinzipio de palabra z’ emplea la rra zimple anke ze pronunzie doble, h’ una norma gramátiká.
- R is a letter. It is one of the 21 consonants. It's the 18th letter of the alphabet, coming after Q.
- The value is treated as radians regardless of mode. It returns the value for use in sin( and related commands. If the mode is Radian, it multiplies value by 1. If the mode is Degree, it multiplies value by .
- The definitions on this page originally appeared on the United States Environmental Protection Agency's website. Radiation: Transmission of energy though space or any medium. Also known as radiant energy. Radiation Standards: Regulations that set maximum exposure limits for protection of the public from radioactive materials. Radio Frequency Radiation: (See non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation.) Radioactive Decay: Spontaneous change in an atom by emission of of charged particles and/or gamma rays; also known as radioactive disintegration and radioactivity. Radioactive Substances: Substances that emit ionizing radiation. Radioactive Waste: Any waste that emits energy as rays, waves, streams or energetic particles. Radioactive materials are often mixed with hazardous waste, from nuclear reactors, research institutions, or hospitals. Radioisotopes: Chemical variants of radioactive elements with potentially oncogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic effects on the human body. Radionuclide: Radioactive particle, man-made (anthropogenic) or natural, with a distinct atomic weight number. Can have a long life as soil or water pollutant. Radius of Vulnerability Zone: The maximum distance from the point of release of a hazardous substance in which the airborne concentration could reach the level of concern under specified weather conditions. Radius of Influence: 1. The radial distance from the center of a wellbore to the point where there is no lowering of the water table or potentiometric surface (the edge of the cone of depression); 2. the radial distance from an extraction well that has adequate air flow for effective removal of contaminants when a vacuum is applied to the extraction well. Radon: A colorless naturally occurring, radioactive, inert gas formed by radioactive decay of radium atoms in soil or rocks. Radon Daughters/Radon Progeny: Short-lived radioactive decay products of radon that decay into longer-lived lead isotopes that can attach themselves to airborne dust and other particles and, if inhaled, damage the linings of the lungs. Radon Decay Products: A term used to refer collectively to the immediate products of the radon decay chain. These include Po-218, Pb-214, Bi-214, and Po-214, which have an average combined half-life of about 30 minutes. Rainbow Report: Comprehensive document giving the status of all pesticides now or ever in registration or special reviews. Known as the "rainbow report" because chapters are printed on different colors of paper. Rasp: A machine that grinds waste into a manageable material and helps prevent odor. Raw Agricultural Commodity: An unprocessed human food or animal feed crop (e.g., raw carrots, apples, corn, or eggs.) Raw Sewage: Untreated wastewater and its contents. Raw Water: Intake water prior to any treatment or use. Re-entry: (In indoor air program) Refers to air exhausted from a building that is immediately brought back into the system through the air intake and other openings. Reactivity: Refers to those hazardous wastes that are normally unstable and readily undergo violent chemical change but do not explode. Reaeration: Introduction of air into the lower layers of a reservoir. As the air bubbles form and rise through the water, the oxygen dissolves into the water and replenishes the dissolved oxygen. The rising bubbles also cause the lower waters to rise to the surface where they take on oxygen from the atmosphere. Real-Time Monitoring: Monitoring and measuring environmental developments with technology and communications systems that provide time-relevant information to the public in an easily understood format people can use in day-to-day decision-making about their health and the environment. Reasonable Further Progress: Annual incremental reductions in air pollutant emissions as reflected in a State Implementation Plan that EPA deems sufficient to provide for the attainment of the applicable national ambient air quality standards by the statutory deadline. Reasonable Maximum Exposure: The maximum exposure reasonably expected to occur in a population. Reasonable Worst Case: An estimate of the individual dose, exposure, or risk level received by an individual in a defined population that is greater than the 90th percentile but less than that received by anyone in the 98th percentile in the same population. Reasonably Available Control Measures (RACM): A broadly defined term referring to technological and other measures for pollution control. Reasonably Available Control Technology (RACT): Control technology that is reasonably available, and both technologically and economically feasible. Usually applied to existing sources in nonattainment areas; in most cases is less stringent than new source performance standards. Recarbonization: Process in which carbon dioxide is bubbled into water being treated to lower the pH. Receiving Waters: A river, lake, ocean, stream or other watercourse into which wastewater or treated effluent is discharged. Receptor: Ecological entity exposed to a stressor. Recharge: The process by which water is added to a zone of saturation, usually by percolation from the soil surface; e.g., the recharge of an aquifer. Recharge Area: A land area in which water reaches the zone of saturation from surface infiltration, e.g., where rainwater soaks through the earth to reach an aquifer. Recharge Rate: The quantity of water per unit of time that replenishes or refills an aquifer. Reclamation: (In recycling) Restoration of materials found in the waste stream to a beneficial use which may be for purposes other than the original use. Recombinant Bacteria: A microorganism whose genetic makeup has been altered by deliberate introduction of new genetic elements. The offspring of these altered bacteria also contain these new genetic elements; i.e. they "breed true." Recombinant DNA: The new DNA that is formed by combining pieces of DNA from different organisms or cells. Recommended Maximum Contaminant Level (RMCL): The maximum level of a contaminant in drinking water at which no known or anticipated adverse effect on human health would occur, and that includes an adequate margin of safety. Recommended levels are nonenforceable health goals. (See: maximum contaminant level.) Reconstructed Source: Facility in which components are replaced to such an extent that the fixed capital cost of the new components exceeds 50 percent of the capital cost of constructing a comparable brand-new facility. New-source performance standards may be applied to sources reconstructed after the proposal of the standard if it is technologically and economically feasible to meet the standards. Reconstruction of Dose: Estimating exposure after it has occurred by using evidence within an organism such as chemical levels in tissue or fluids. Record of Decision (ROD): A public document that explains which cleanup alternative(s) will be used at National Priorities List sites where, under CERCLA, Trust Funds pay for the cleanup. Recovery Rate: Percentage of usable recycled materials that have been removed from the total amount of municipal solid waste generated in a specific area or by a specific business. Recycle/Reuse: Minimizing waste generation by recovering and reprocessing usable products that might otherwise become waste (.i.e. recycling of aluminum cans, paper, and bottles, etc.). Recycling and Reuse Business Assistance Centers: Located in state solid-waste or economic-development agencies, these centers provide recycling businesses with customized and targeted assistance. Recycling Economic Development Advocates: Individuals hired by state or tribal economic development offices to focus financial, marketing, and permitting resources on creating recycling businesses. Recycling Mill: Facility where recovered materials are remanufactured into new products. Recycling Technical Assistance Partnership National Network: A national information-sharing resource designed to help businesses and manufacturers increase their use of recovered materials. Red Bag Waste: (See: infectious waste.) Red Border: An EPA document undergoing review before being submitted for final management decision-making. Red Tide: A proliferation of a marine plankton toxic and often fatal to fish, perhaps stimulated by the addition of nutrients. A tide can be red, green, or brown, depending on the coloration of the plankton. Redemption Program: Program in which consumers are monetarily compensated for the collection of recyclable materials, generally through prepaid deposits or taxes on beverage containers. In some states or localities legislation has enacted redemption programs to help prevent roadside litter. (See: bottle bill.) Reduction: The addition of hydrogen, removal of oxygen, or addition of electrons to an element or compound. Reentry Interval: The period of time immediately following the application of a pesticide during which unprotected workers should not enter a field. Reference Dose (RfD): The RfD is a numerical estimate of a daily oral exposure to the human population, including sensitive subgroups such as children, that is not likely to cause harmful effects during a lifetime. RfDs are generally used for health effects that are thought to have a threshold or low dose limit for producing effects. Reformulated Gasoline: Gasoline with a different composition from conventional gasoline (e.g., lower aromatics content) that cuts air pollutants. Refueling Emissions: Emissions released during vehicle re-fueling. Refuse: (See: solid waste.) Refuse Reclamation: Conversion of solid waste into useful products; e.g., composting organic wastes to make soil conditioners or separating aluminum and other metals for recycling. Regeneration: Manipulation of cells to cause them to develop into whole plants. Regional Response Team (RRT): Representatives of federal, local, and state agencies who may assist in coordination of activities at the request of the On-Scene Coordinator before and during a significant pollution incident such as an oil spill, major chemical release, or Superfund response. Registrant: Any manufacturer or formulator who obtains registration for a pesticide active ingredient or product. Registration: Formal listing with EPA of a new pesticide before it can be sold or distributed. Under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, EPA is responsible for registration (pre-market licensing) of pesticides on the basis of data demonstrating no unreasonable adverse effects on human health or the environment when applied according to approved label directions. Registration Standards: Published documents which include summary reviews of the data available on a pesticide's active ingredient, data gaps, and the Agency's existing regulatory position on the pesticide. Regulated Asbestos-Containing Material (RACM): Friable asbestos material or nonfriable ACM that will be or has been subjected to sanding, grinding, cutting, or abrading or has crumbled, or been pulverized or reduced to powder in the course of demolition or renovation operations. Regulated Medical Waste: Under the Medical Waste Tracking Act of 1988, any solid waste generated in the diagnosis, treatment, or immunization of human beings or animals, in research pertaining thereto, or in the production or testing of biologicals. Included are cultures and stocks of infectious agents; human blood and blood products; human pathological body wastes from surgery and autopsy; contaminated animal carcasses from medical research; waste from patients with communicable diseases; and all used sharp implements, such as needles and scalpels, and certain unused sharps. (See: treated medical waste; untreated medical waste; destroyed medical waste.) Relative Ecological Sustainability: Ability of an ecosystem to maintain relative ecological integrity indefinitely. Relative Permeability: The permeability of a rock to gas, NAIL, or water, when any two or more are present. Relative Risk Assessment: Estimating the risks associated with different stressors or management actions. Release: Any spilling, leaking, pumping, pouring, emitting, emptying, discharging, injecting, escaping, leaching, dumping, or disposing into the environment of a hazardous or toxic chemical or extremely hazardous substance. Remedial Action (RA): The actual construction or implementation phase of a Superfund site cleanup that follows remedial design. Remedial Design: A phase of remedial action that follows the remedial investigation/feasibility study and includes development of engineering drawings and specifications for a site cleanup. Remedial Investigation: An in-depth study designed to gather data needed to determine the nature and extent of contamination at a Superfund site; establish site cleanup criteria; identify preliminary alternatives for remedial action; and support technical and cost analyses of alternatives. The remedial investigation is usually done with the feasibility study. Together they are usually referred to as the "RI/FS". Remedial Project Manager (RPM): The EPA or state official responsible for overseeing on-site remedial action. Remedial Response: Long-term action that stops or substantially reduces a release or threat of a release of hazardous substances that is serious but not an immediate threat to public health. Remediation: 1. Cleanup or other methods used to remove or contain a toxic spill or hazardous materials from a Superfund site; 2. for the Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response program, abatement methods including evaluation, repair, enclosure, encapsulation, or removal of greater than 3 linear feet or square feet of asbestos-containing materials from a building. Remote Sensing: The collection and interpretation of information about an object without physical contact with the object; e.g., satellite imaging, aerial photography, and open path measurements. Removal Action: Short-term immediate actions taken to address releases of hazardous substances that require expedited response. (See: cleanup.) Renewable - capable of being replaced by natural ecological cycles or sound management practices; as in renewable resources. Renewable Energy Production Incentive (REPI): Incentive established by the Energy Policy Act available to renewable energy power projects owned by a state or local government or nonprofit electric cooperative. Repeat Compliance Period: Any subsequent compliance period after the initial one. Reportable Quantity (RQ): Quantity of a hazardous substance that triggers reports under CERCLA. If a substance exceeds its RQ, the release must be reported to the National Response Center, the SERC, and community emergency coordinators for areas likely to be affected. Repowering: Rebuilding and replacing major components of a power plant instead of building a new one. Representative Sample: A portion of material or water that is as nearly identical in content and consistency as possible to that in the larger body of material or water being sampled. Reregistration: The reevaluation and relicensing of existing pesticides originally registered prior to current scientific and regulatory standards. EPA reregisters pesticides through its Registration Standards Program. Reserve Capacity: Extra treatment capacity built into solid waste and wastewater treatment plants and interceptor sewers to accommodate flow increases due to future population growth. Reservoir: Any natural or artificial holding area used to store, regulate, or control water. Residential Use: Pesticide application in and around houses, office buildings, apartment buildings, motels, and other living or working areas. Residential Waste: Waste generated in single and multi-family homes, including newspapers, clothing, disposable tableware, food packaging, cans, bottles, food scraps, and yard trimmings other than those that are diverted to backyard composting. (See: Household hazardous waste.) Residual: Amount of a pollutant remaining in the environment after a natural or technological process has taken place; e.g., the sludge remaining after initial wastewater treatment, or particulates remaining in air after it passes through a scrubbing or other process. Residual Risk: The extent of health risk from air pollutants remaining after application of the Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT). Residual Saturation: Saturation level below which fluid drainage will not occur. Residue: The dry solids remaining after the evaporation of a sample of water or sludge. Resistance: For plants and animals, the ability to withstand poor environmental conditions or attacks by chemicals or disease. May be inborn or acquired. Resource Recovery: The process of obtaining matter or energy from materials formerly discarded. Response Action: 1. Generic term for actions taken in response to actual or potential health-threatening environmental events such as spills, sudden releases, and asbestos abatement/management problems. 2. A CERCLA-authorized action involving either a short-term removal action or a long-term removal response. This may include but is not limited to: removing hazardous materials from a site to an EPA-approved hazardous waste facility for treatment, containment or treating the waste on-site, identifying and removing the sources of ground-water contamination and halting further migration of contaminants. 3. Any of the following actions taken in school buildings in response to AHERA to reduce the risk of exposure to asbestos: removal, encapsulation, enclosure, repair, and operations and maintenance. (See: cleanup.) Responsiveness Summary: A summary of oral and/or written public comments received by EPA during a comment period on key EPA documents, and EPA's response to those comments. Restoration: Measures taken to return a site to pre-violation conditions. Restricted Entry Interval: The time after a pesticide application during which entry into the treated area is restricted. Restricted Use: A pesticide may be classified (under FIFRA regulations) for restricted use if it requires special handling because of its toxicity, and, if so, it may be applied only by trained, certified applicators or those under their direct supervision. Restriction Enzymes: Enzymes that recognize specific regions of a long DNA molecule and cut it at those points. Retrofit: Addition of a pollution control device on an existing facility without making major changes to the generating plant. Also called backfit. Reuse: Using a product or component of municipal solid waste in its original form more than once; e.g., refilling a glass bottle that has been returned or using a coffee can to hold nuts and bolts. Reverse Osmosis: A treatment process used in water systems by adding pressure to force water through a semi-permeable membrane. Reverse osmosis removes most drinking water contaminants. Also used in wastewater treatment. Large-scale reverse osmosis plants are being developed. Reversible Effect: An effect which is not permanent; especially adverse effects which diminish when exposure to a toxic chemical stops. Ribonucleic Acid (RNA): A molecule that carries the genetic message from DNA to a cellular protein-producing mechanism. Rill: A small channel eroded into the soil by surface runoff; can be easily smoothed out or obliterated by normal tillage. Ringlemann Chart: A series of shaded illustrations used to measure the opacity of air pollution emissions, ranging from light grey through black; used to set and enforce emissions standards. Riparian Habitat: Areas adjacent to rivers and streams with a differing density, diversity, and productivity of plant and animal species relative to nearby uplands. Riparian Rights: Entitlement of a land owner to certain uses of water on or bordering the property, including the right to prevent diversion or misuse of upstream waters. Generally a matter of state law. Risk: A measure of the probability that damage to life, health, property, and/or the environment will occur as a result of a given hazard. Risk (Adverse) for Endangered Species: Risk to aquatic species if anticipated pesticide residue levels equal one-fifth of LD10 or one-tenth of LC50; risk to terrestrial species if anticipated pesticide residue levels equal one-fifth of LC10 or one-tenth of LC50. Risk Assessment: Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the risk posed to human health and/or the environment by the actual or potential presence and/or use of specific pollutants. Risk Characterization: The last phase of the risk assessment process that estimates the potential for adverse health or ecological effects to occur from exposure to a stressor and evaluates the uncertainty involved. Risk Communication: The exchange of information about health or environmental risks among risk assessors and managers, the general public, news media, interest groups, etc. Risk Estimate: A description of the probability that organisms exposed to a specific dose of a chemical or other pollutant will develop an adverse response, e.g., cancer. Risk Factor: Characteristics (e.g., race, sex, age, obesity) or variables (e.g., smoking, occupational exposure level) associated with increased probability of a toxic effect. Risk for Non-Endangered Species: Risk to species if anticipated pesticide residue levels are equal to or greater than LC50. Risk Management: The process of evaluating and selecting alternative regulatory and non-regulatory responses to risk. The selection process necessarily requires the consideration of legal, economic, and behavioral factors. Risk-based Targeting: The direction of resources to those areas that have been identified as having the highest potential or actual adverse effect on human health and/or the environment. Risk-Specific Dose: The dose associated with a specified risk level. River Basin: The land area drained by a river and its tributaries. Rodenticide: A chemical or agent used to destroy rats or other rodent pests, or to prevent them from damaging food, crops, etc. Rotary Kiln Incinerator: An incinerator with a rotating combustion chamber that keeps waste moving, thereby allowing it to vaporize for easier burning. Rough Fish: Fish not prized for sport or eating, such as gar and suckers. Most are more tolerant of changing environmental conditions than are game or food species. Route of Exposure: The avenue by which a chemical comes into contact with an organism, e.g., inhalation, ingestion, dermal contact, injection. Rubbish: Solid waste, excluding food waste and ashes, from homes, institutions, and workplaces. Run-Off: That part of precipitation, snow melt, or irrigation water that runs off the land into streams or other surface-water. It can carry pollutants from the air and land into receiving waters. Running Losses: Evaporation of motor vehicle fuel from the fuel tank while the vehicle is in use.
- "Happy New Years!
* This item is for use in the New Years event."
|
