| abstract | - The process starts with an engraved copper plate similar to those used for making paper engravings. The plate is used to print the pattern on tissue paper, then the tissue paper transfers the wet ink to the ceramic surface. The ceramic is then fired in a low temperature kiln to fix the pattern. This can be done over or under the glaze, but the underprinting method is more durable. The process produces fine lines similar to the engraved prints in old books. Before transfer printing ceramics were hand painted, a laborious and costly process. Twentieth century major English manufacturers include Crown Ducal, Enoch Wood, Royal Staffordshire, Royal Crownford, Alfred Meakin, Spode, Johnson Brothers, and Mason's. The most actively sought-after patterns, are: Crown Ducal's "Bristol", "Calico", "Castles", "Charlotte", "English Chippendale", "English Scenery", "Friendly Village", "Historic America", "Italian", "Liberty Blue", "Old Britain Castles", "Rose Chintz", "Tonquin", "Tower", Vista", and more. The process was popular in other countries including Germany.
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