| abstract | - History of this race is unknown.
- Title and short intro here.
- A cat is one of the domesticated descendants of the tamed dwarf sabre-toothed cats that lived in the Delklands 30,000 years ago. The wild animal has gone extinct, leaving only the domesticated kind. Cats were taken to the Northern Continent after the Skin Wars, but due to the worship of the dog there, were never really bred, in fact, most people saw them as pests. As the dark-skinned Mattesmen made their way east, and then south across the Mattesian Great-Sea, cats came with them. Most of these people lived far from the Far North, and did not yet have dogs, so they only took cats with them (seeing them as cute ratters). They eventually became the Kneypishmen, the Kinglanders, the Kaathi, and finally, the Sukaari. Around AT: - 1,000, Cog Cohni, finded the Kingdom of the Moonland at the mouth of the River Moon, the Sound of Sunrise. He, and his fleet of Kneypishmen brought with them cats. The story of the cat is the story of Sukaar, also called the Kingdom of Cats. Overall, most cats have been bred in Sukaar, or at least Sayerthenn, and only a few have been bred outside of Parthalenn, and and most of those in the Delklands. Breeds include:
* Sukaari Cat (Siamese Cats)
* Parthaginian Shorthair Cats (British Shorthair Cats)
* Parthshorinian Shorthair Cats (American Shorthair Cats)
* Cats o' Corr (Persian Cats) - as in House Corr on Cubenn Isle
* Toother Cats (Maine Coons)
* Sphinx Cats (Sphynx Cats)
* Ane Polki Cats (Himalayan Cats)
* Mage Blue Cats (Russian Blues)
* Kaalororsi Cats (Bengals)
* Cold Folds (Scottish Folds) As well as the completely fictional Clown Cat, which is orange with white stripes, and yellow eyes. Cats can come in a variety of patterns, such as:
* Teyish Cats (Tabby Cats) - the name comes from Great Emperor of the Stone Claimant Teyjar Marrsano, who has a neighborhood, the Teyjari Neighborhood in Polenonne, named after him. The Teyjari Neighborhood was famed for its striped silks, and this association with stripes came into Lobott in the form of Teyish Cats, and later as Teyjarr, slang for Marr, tigers, with the word tiger coming from Teyjarr - The most common type of Teyish Cat is the Orange Tey - Also the Mossy Tey* Cog Cohni Cats (Calico Cats - the name comes from the City of Cog Cohni in Sukaar)
* Tortoiseshell Cats
* Paintcolor Cats (Point color cats) - the name comes from their dark faces, said to be colored like a Painted Goodlord. On this Earth they are associated with Paintcolor's Day instead of black cats in real-life Halloween)
* Shadow Cats (Black Cats)
- Cats are often encountered roaming around urban areas of Los Santos and Blaine County or sleeping in quieter areas such as alleys. They may also be found sitting on walls and observing their surroundings. Cats are passive and their demeanour is generally calm, mostly ignoring the player, but they may run away if provoked, or if a weapon is fired nearby. There are several different breeds of cat in-game, including Domestic Shorthairs and Persians. Between one to three cats can always be found outside the 24/7 in Sandy Shores, provided it is during the day and not raining - One will always be sitting on the wall next to the building, while the other two (if they appear) are either wandering around or resting in the alley.
- Cats are carnivorous mammals of the family Felidae, or feline. The term generally refers to domestic cats, who are usually small in size, although the family includes a range of larger, more ferocious "cats," such as lions, tigers, panthers, and cheetahs. Both wild and domestic cats have frequently been depicted in Muppet productions.
- If you want a cat, then you must first get $1,000,000. This is to pay for the possible damages. Then, you get all your protective gear, and put it on. THEN you go get a cat. If it dislikes you, it will make sure you never forget it. You will spend the rest of your life regretting the moment you decided to get a cat.
- This page is for short stories about cats. If you can post a picture of the cat mentioned in your story as well! Keep the stories short and sweet, cause if they're too long you should just make a separate article about the lengthy cat story and link this page to it.
- In "Brian Does Hollywood", Lois recalls a previous time when Peter disturbed a performance. During a performance of Cats, Peter crashes through a wall, running over one of the performers. He tries to explain that the "cat" just jumped in front of him and he never meant to hit it.
- Cats is a production, and this is a general overview of that production.
- Cats are nasty animels.
- Robert was convinced that his cat was trying to kill him. After using the litter box, Mr. Cuddles kicks the litter around, leaving a big gaping hole in the middle of the box. Robert was positive that Mr. Cuddles was practicing body burial. Robert also occasionally woke up on the sofa after his afternoon nap to find Mr. Cuddles kneading about on his body. Robert was certain that this was not a display of affection, but a clever technique in which Mr. Cuddles very subtlety checked his internal organs for weaknesses. Cuddles seemed to have settled on the pancreas. Robert stopped having afternoon naps. And so Robert went through every day and every night in fear that his cat would come out of the darkness and suddenly disembowel him, for some of the cat medicine men had mysterious powers, and could shapeshift into anything. Robert was also sure that there existed a secret ring of cat terrorists bent on overthrowing humankind via faked cuteness and disarming meows. He dubbed these vile scum as caterrorists. Robert was not good at names. Robert would have killed Mr. Cuddles himself, if not in fear of the retribution that he would bring unto himself from the crazed cult of caterrorists, who would undoubtedly claw themselves into his house and lay giant rat traps everywhere, which, Robert speculated, they would use out of a love for cruel irony. He tried to intimidate Mr. Cuddles by goading him into a staring competition, but he always lost. Mr. Cuddles never blinked. Those damned cat eyes, staring straight at him, straight down into his soul! They seemed to know everything about him. They seemed to be taunting him! Robert took a lot of amphetamines. They not only allowed him to stay awake against the hallowed forces of evil, they also gave unto him knowledge about the cats and their plans. It was as if some higher being was giving him help. He was very, very grateful towards this higher being. He often asked how he could ever repay him. The conversation usually went something like this: Robert: Oh great, magnificent God of all, however can I repay you? Higher being: Mo' pills. Robert: If you do insist, oh divine master. And so Robert took quite a few pills, secure in the knowledge that if the cat ever encroached upon his personal safety, the higher being would smack it to death, probably with a large baseball bat. However, one day, the Higher Being disappeared. Dissipated. Gone! Robert was extremely uneasy. He assumed that the cats had kidnapped the Higher Being using some sort of advanced technology. Coincidentally, slightly before this, he also ran out of pills. It was no good. Robert was addicted to the amphetamines. He went to his usual dealer, Jacob, down the street, below the great oak tree. Jacob, whilst handing over a bag, asked him what the problem was. "No problem," said Robert. "Well," Jacob said, "your eyes almost look like that of a cat's. And your moustache looks strange, almost as if it's turning into cat whiskers." Robert ran all the way back home. Robert couldn't find a mirror. The only mirror he had was smashed by Mr. Cuddles a week ago. And even as Robert ran around the house, looking for a mirror, Mr. Cuddles followed him with what appeared to be a ghost of a smirk on his face. Robert finally found a piece of jagged glass which had fallen off from the smashed mirror. "Yes," he thought as he stared hard at the glass, "those do look like cat eyes. And it looks as if I'm growing whiskers! I'm growing into a cat!" Suddenly, in the glass flashed the image of Mr. Cuddles. Robert looked behind him and screamed. Mr. Cuddles was right behind him, staring at him, as if saying, "Hahah, you're one of us, you're one of us!" Robert took the piece of jagged glass and slashed open his own throat. Mr. Cuddles walked along the street, and went underneath the great oak tree, where he waited for a bit, until a black cat came along. They both nodded and meowed to each other, conversing for a while, until, seemingly agreeing on something, they parted ways. Mr. Cuddles went down the street to find a new owner, while the black cat looked around for a while, then, having made sure the street was empty, he closed his eyes and concentrated, causing his features to start morphing. His posture grew more upright, his fur disappeared, his eyes grew more angular, his nose became more defined, his whiskers shrank inwards. And slowly, his features began to resemble that of a particular drug dealer whose body was found in the gutter a week ago, a man named Jacob. He took a packet of amphetamines out of his pocket and grinned. - (This story is credited to a person called Necronophore.)
- Meow cats
- From: [[]] The woman stands, her work done. Seven holes in the rich, springy soil. Seven neat mounds. [Find the rest of the story at ] __NOEDITSECTION__
- CATS is a main character of the series. He is the puppet leader of the Network who antagonizes Master Chief throughout his early adventures. CATS is eventually betrayed and killed by his leader, the King. However, 12 years later, CATS was revealed to be an AI who was recruited by Cortana to assist in the final showdown against the King. CATS is one of the only survivors of the series.
- Cats, or Neko, were small, furried, domesticated, carnivorous mammals. In the Burning Sands they were somehow related to the jinn. A special member of this specie was the Cat of Many Tongues.
- This small, domestic feline is perfectly adapted to live in human cities. Its main occupation is catching mice. Cats are usually found in the cities.
- i like cats
- Cats are pets in Free Realms as there are Dogs they are also various types of cats. You can also dress up cats In costumes of your choice color. Every cat comes with a default name such as Mojo or pooky. Like dogs, cats can also be fed.
- CATS is an alien overlord who seeks to conquer our world. Though the United Nations initially signs a peace treaty to prevent him from attacking Earth, he breaks the treat and takes over all of Japan's space colonies, sending an holographic message to their captain mocking him for trusting him.
- Carnivorous quadrupeds in the family Felidae. Some modelers consider them to be indespensible companions while at the bench, others are certain that, if not outright spawn of Satan, they are at least in league with the Carpet Monster. Probably their most worthwhile contribution to modelling is on those rare occasions when they lose a facial whisker, which if retrieved can be fashioned into a nice anntenna, especially for armour subjects. Note: the administrators of Whiffpedia do not approve of using tweezers to pull the whiskers out of unwilling cats (if there's anybody watching...).
- Andrew Lloyd Webber's other most famous musical. It's a show about Cats. More precisely, it's about a tribe of Cats, the Jellicle Cats, and the once-a-year event where the Jellicle Leader, Old Deuteronomy announces the cat who can now be reborn and come back in a different Jellicle Life, after the cats spend time introducing themselves, and their fellow cats, through song. It's based, pretty much, on T. S. Eliot's book of poems Old Possums Book of Practical Cats. A film was in production eons ago, but it never got off the ground. A video version of the stage musical was released in 1998.
- Cats, known among catologists (scientists who study Quantum MeCATics) as Animalae Retardus are large furry reptiles that make common house pets.
- While black cats have been associated with doom for almost 10,000 years in most regions, in some cultures, all cats, regardless of coloration, are considered to be ominous creatures. This was most prominent in the Middle Ages, especially during the notorious "Black Death" plague. Cats were believed to be the Devil's pawn, and during this time, were massacred in hopes of lifting the pandemic. During the Renaissance, superstitions of witchcraft inflated, and although black cats were the main culprit, the rest of the species were also associated with witches. This belief went so far that they were occasionally burnt alive or thrown off tall buildings with public acclaim. Western Africa also holds a fear of cats, linking them to witchcraft and general evil, specifically in Ghana. Ironically, Japan, from which the Silent Hill games were released, are firm believers that cats bring fortune, Maneki Neko being one of the most well-known charms of the country. Russia, parts of Europe, and especially ancient Egypt (even accidentally killing a cat earned the human the death penalty) hold/held cats with utmost respect.
- Common domesticated cats are found throughout Westeros and Essos, both as pets and often as ferals in the major cities. Their larger relatives include shadowcats and lions. In the real world, a common virus that afflicts cats is known as the calicivirus (pronounced "khaleesi virus").
- Cats are the core of what ShowCats is all about. Your virtual cats on the site are able to do many things- showing, breeding, being sold...whatever you wish.
- "Cats" is the third episode of Season 1 of Tim and Eric Awesome Show, Great Job!, and the third episode in the series overall. It originally aired February 25th, 2007.
- A Cat is the same as an Kitten. Click on the link to view that page.
- Cat From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search This article is about domestic felines. For other uses, see Cat (disambiguation). Cat[1] other images of cats Conservation status Domesticated Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Carnivora Family: Felidae Genus: Felis Species: F. catus Binomial name Felis catus (Linnaeus, 1758) Synonyms Felis catus domestica (invalid junior synonym)[2] Felis silvestris catus[3] The cat (Felis catus), also known as the domestic cat or house cat to distinguish it from other felines, is a small carnivorous species of crepuscular mammal that is often valued by humans for its companionship and its ability to hunt vermin. It has been associated with humans for at least 9,500 years.[4] A skilled predator, the cat is known to hunt over 1,000 species for food. It can be trained to obey simple commands. Individual cats have also been known to learn on their own to manipulate simple mechanisms, such as doorknobs. Cats use a variety of vocalizations and types of body language for communication, including meowing, purring, hissing, growling, squeaking, chirping, clicking, and grunting.[5] With 69 million of them present in American homes[6], cats are the most or the second most popular pets in that country. They are also bred and shown as registered pedigree pets. This hobby is known as the "Cat Fancy". Until recently the cat was commonly believed to have been domesticated in ancient Egypt, where it was a cult animal.[7] However a 2007 study found that all house cats are probably descended from a group of as few as five self-domesticating African Wildcats Felis silvestris lybica circa 8000 BC, in the Near East.[3] Contents [hide] 1 Physiology 1.1 Size 1.2 Skeleton 1.3 Mouth 1.4 Ears 1.5 Legs 1.6 Skin 1.7 Senses 1.8 Metabolism 1.9 Genetics 1.10 Feeding and diet 1.10.1 Toxic sensitivity 2 Behavior 2.1 Sociability 2.2 Cohabitation 2.3 Fighting 2.4 Play 2.5 Hunting 2.6 Reproduction 2.7 Hygiene 2.8 Scratching 2.9 Fondness for heights 3 Ecology 3.1 Habitat 3.2 Impact of hunting 4 House cats 4.1 Domestication 4.2 Interaction with humans 4.2.1 Allergens 4.2.2 Trainability 4.3 Indoor scratching 4.3.1 Declawing 4.4 Waste 4.5 Domesticated varieties 4.5.1 Coat patterns 4.5.2 Body types 5 Feral cats 5.1 Environmental effects 5.2 Ethical and humane concerns over feral cats 6 Etymology and taxonomic history 6.1 Scientific classification 6.2 Nomenclature 6.3 Etymology 7 History and mythology 7.1 Nine lives 8 See also 9 References 10 External links 10.1 Anatomy 10.2 Articles 10.3 Veterinary related Physiology Size Diagram of the general anatomy of a male cat.Cats typically weigh between 2.5 and 7 kg (5.5–16 pounds); however, some breeds, such as the Maine Coon, can exceed 11.3 kg (25 pounds). Some have been known to reach up to 23 kg (50 pounds) due to overfeeding. Conversely, very small cats (less than 1.8 kg / 4.0 lb)[8] have been reported. Skeleton Cats have 7 cervical vertebrae like almost all mammals, 13 thoracic vertebrae (humans have 12), 7 lumbar vertebrae (humans have 5), 3 sacral vertebrae like most mammals (humans have 5 because of their bipedal posture), and, except for Manx cats, 22 or 23 caudal vertebrae (humans have 3 to 5, fused into an internal coccyx). The extra lumbar and thoracic vertebrae account for the cat's enhanced spinal mobility and flexibility, compared with humans. The caudal vertebrae form the tail, used by the cat as a counterbalance to the body during quick movements. Cats also have free-floating clavicle bones, which allows them to pass their body through any space into which they can fit their head.[9] Mouth Cats have highly specialized teeth for the tearing of meat. The premolar and first molar together compose the carnassial pair on each side of the mouth, which efficiently functions to shear meat like a pair of scissors. While this is present in canids, it is highly developed in felines. The cat's tongue has sharp spines, or papillae, useful for retaining and ripping flesh from a carcass. These papillae are small backward-facing hooks that contain keratin which also assist in their grooming. As facilitated by their oral structure, cats use a variety of vocalizations and types of body language for communication, including mewing ("meow" or "miaow"), purring, hissing, growling, squeaking, chirping, clicking, and grunting.[5] Ears Thirty-two individual muscles in each ear allow for a manner of directional hearing:[10] a cat can move each ear independently of the other. Because of this mobility, a cat can move its body in one direction and point its ears in another direction. Most cats have straight ears pointing upward. Unlike dogs, flap-eared breeds are extremely rare. (Scottish Folds are one such exceptional mutation.) When angry or frightened, a cat will lay back its ears, to accompany the growling or hissing sounds it makes. Cats also turn their ears back when they are playing, or to listen to a sound coming from behind them. The angle of cats' ears is an important clue to their mood. Legs Cats, like dogs, are digitigrades: they walk directly on their toes, with the bones of their feet making up the lower part of the visible leg. Cats are capable of walking very precisely, because like all felines they directly register; that is, they place each hind paw (almost) directly in the print of the corresponding forepaw, minimizing noise and visible tracks. This also provides sure footing for their hind paws when they navigate rough terrain. Like nearly all members of family Felidae, cats have retractable claws. In their normal, relaxed position the claws are sheathed with the skin and fur around the toe pads. This keeps the claws sharp by preventing wear from contact with the ground and allows the silent stalking of prey. The claws on the forefeet are typically sharper than those on the hind feet.[11] Cats can extend their claws voluntarily on one or more paws at will. They may extend their claws in hunting or self-defense, climbing, "kneading", or for extra traction on soft surfaces (bedspreads, thick rugs, etc.). It is also possible to make a cooperative cat extend its claws by carefully pressing both the top and bottom of the paw. The curved claws may become entangled in carpet or thick fabric, which may cause injury if the cat is unable to free itself. Most cats have five claws on their front paws, and four or five on their rear paws. Because of an ancient mutation, however, domestic cats are prone to polydactylyism, and may have six or seven toes. The fifth front claw (the dewclaw) is proximal to the other claws. More proximally, there is a protrusion which appears to be a sixth "finger". This special feature of the front paws, on the inside of the wrists, is the carpal pad, also found on the paws of big cats and dogs. It has no function in normal walking, but is thought to be an anti-skidding device used while jumping. Skin Cats possess rather loose skin; this allows them to turn and confront a predator or another cat in a fight, even when it has a grip on them. This is also an advantage for veterinary purposes, as it simplifies injections.[12] In fact, the lives of cats with kidney failure can sometimes be extended for years by the regular injection of large volumes of fluid subcutaneously, which serves as an alternative to dialysis.[13][14] The particularly loose skin at the back of the neck is known as the scruff, and is the area by which a mother cat grips her kittens to carry them. As a result, cats tend to become quiet and passive when gripped there. This behavior also extends into adulthood, when a male will grab the female by the scruff to immobilize her while he mounts, and to prevent her from running away as the mating process takes place. [15] This technique can be useful when attempting to treat or move an uncooperative cat. However, since an adult cat is heavier than a kitten, a pet cat should never be carried by the scruff, but should instead have their weight supported at the rump and hind legs, and at the chest and front paws. Often (much like a small child) a cat will lie with its head and front paws over a person's shoulder, and its back legs and rump supported under the person's arm. Senses Main article: Cat senses Cat senses are attuned for hunting. Cats have highly advanced hearing, eyesight, taste, and touch receptors, making the cat extremely sensitive among mammals. Cats' night vision is superior to humans although their vision in daylight is inferior. Humans and cats have a similar range of hearing on the low end of the scale, but cats can hear much higher-pitched sounds, up to 64 kHz, which is 1.6 octaves above the range of a human, and even one octave above the range of a dog.[16] A domestic cat's sense of smell is about fourteen times as strong as a human's.[17] To aid with navigation and sensation, cats have dozens of movable vibrissae (whiskers) over their body, especially their face. Due to a mutation in an early cat ancestor, one of two genes necessary to taste sweetness may have been lost by the cat family.[18] Metabolism Two cats curled up together.Cats conserve energy by sleeping more than most animals, especially as they grow older. The daily duration of sleep varies, usually 12–16 hours, with 13–14 being the average. Some cats can sleep as much as 20 hours in a 24-hour period. The term cat nap refers to the cat's ability to fall asleep (lightly) for a brief period and has entered the English lexicon – someone who nods off for a few minutes is said to be "taking a cat nap". Due to their crepuscular nature, cats are often known to enter a period of increased activity and playfulness during the evening and early morning, dubbed the "evening crazies", "night crazies", "elevenses" or "mad half-hour" by some.[19][20] The temperament of a cat can vary depending on the breed and socialization. Cats with "oriental" body types tend to be thinner and more active, while cats that have a "cobby" body type tend to be heavier and less active. The normal body temperature of a cat is between 38 and 39 °C (101 and 102.2 °F).[21] A cat is considered febrile (hyperthermic) if it has a temperature of 39.5 °C (103 °F) or greater, or hypothermic if less than 37.5 °C (100 °F). For comparison, humans have a normal temperature of approximately 36.8 °C (98.6 °F). A domestic cat's normal heart rate ranges from 140 to 220 beats per minute, and is largely dependent on how excited the cat is. For a cat at rest, the average heart rate should be between 150 and 180 bpm, about twice that of a human. Genetics See also: Cat coat genetics Blue-eyed cats with white fur have a reputation for having greater incidence of genetic deafness.A 2007 study published in the journal Science asserts that all house cats are descended from a group of self-domesticating desert wildcats Felis silvestris lybica circa 10,000 years ago, in the Near East.[3] The domesticated cat and its closest wild ancestor are both diploid organisms that possess 38 chromosomes,[22] in which over 200 heritable genetic defects have been identified, many homologous to human inborn errors. Specific metabolic defects have been identified underlying many of these feline diseases. There are several genes responsible for the hair color identified. The combination of them gives different phenotypes. Features like hair length, lack of tail or presence of a very short tail (bobtail cat) are also determined by single alleles and modified by polygenes. The Cat Genome Project, sponsored by the Laboratory of Genomic Diversity at the U.S. National Cancer Institute Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center in Frederick, Maryland, focuses on the development of the cat as an animal model for human hereditary disease, infectious disease, genome evolution, comparative research initiatives within the family Felidae, and forensic potential. All felines, including the big cats, have a genetic anomaly that may prevent them from tasting sweetness,[18] which is a likely factor for their indifference to or avoidance of fruits, berries, and other sugary foods. Feeding and diet This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2008) Cats are classified as obligate carnivores, because their physiology is geared toward efficient processing of meat, and lacks efficient processes for digesting plant matter. The cat cannot produce its own taurine (an essential organic acid) in its own body and as it is contained in flesh, the cat must eat flesh to survive (see Taurine and cats). Similarly as with its teeth, a cat's digestive tract has become specialized over time to suit meat eating, having shortened in length only to those segments of intestine best able to break down proteins and fats from animal flesh.[23] The trait severely limits the cat's ability properly to digest, metabolize, and absorb plant-derived nutrients, as well as certain fatty acids. For example, taurine is scarce in plants but abundant in meats. It is a key amino sulfonic acid for eye health in cats. Taurine deficiency can cause a condition called macular degeneration wherein the cat's retina slowly degenerates, eventually causing irreversible blindness. A cat eating a house mouseDespite the cat's meat-oriented physiology, it is still quite common for a cat to supplement its carnivorous diet with small amounts of grass, leaves, shrubs, houseplants, or other plant matter. One theory suggests this behavior helps cats regurgitate if their digestion is upset; another is that it introduces fiber or trace minerals into the diet. In this context, caution is recommended for cat owners because some houseplants are harmful to cats. For example, the leaves of the Easter Lily can cause permanent and life-threatening kidney damage to cats, and Philodendron are also poisonous to cats. The Cat Fanciers' Association has a full list of plants harmful to cats.[24] There are several vegetarian or vegan commercially-available cat foods supplemented with chemically-synthesized taurine and other added nutrients that attempt to address nutritional shortfalls. Cats can be selective eaters (which may be due in some way to the aforementioned mutation which caused their species to lose sugar-tasting ability). Unlike most mammals, cats can voluntarily starve themselves indefinitely despite being presented with palatable food, even a food which they had previously readily consumed. Some cats have a fondness for catnip, which is sensed by their olfactory systems. While they generally do not consume it, they will often roll in it, paw at it, and occasionally chew on it. Toxic sensitivity The liver of a cat is less effective at detoxification than those of other animals, including humans and dogs; therefore exposure to many common substances considered safe for households may be dangerous to them.[25][26] In general, the cat's environment should be examined for the presence of such toxins and the problem corrected or alleviated as much as possible; in addition, where sudden or prolonged serious illness without obvious cause is observed, the possibility of toxicity must be considered, and the veterinarian informed of any such substances to which the cat may have had access. For instance, the common painkiller paracetamol or acetaminophen, sold under brand names such as Tylenol and Panadol, is extremely toxic to cats; because they naturally lack enzymes needed to digest it, even minute portions of doses safe for humans can be fatal[27][26] and any suspected ingestion warrants immediate veterinary attention.[28] Even aspirin, which is sometimes used to treat arthritis in cats, is much more toxic to them than to humans and must be administered cautiously.[26] Similarly, application of minoxidil (Rogaine) to the skin of cats, either accidental or by well-meaning owners attempting to counter loss of fur, has sometimes proved fatal.[29][30] In addition to such obvious dangers as insecticides and weed killers, other common household substances that should be used with caution in areas where cats may be exposed to them include mothballs and other naphthalene products,[26] as well as phenol based products often used for cleaning and disinfecting near cats' feeding areas or litter boxes, such as Pine-Sol, Dettol (Lysol), hexachlorophene, etc.[26] which, although they are widely used without problem, have been sometimes seen to be fatal.[31] Ethylene glycol, often used as an automotive antifreeze, is particularly appealing to cats, and as little as a teaspoonful can be fatal.[32] Many human foods are somewhat toxic to cats; theobromine in chocolate can cause theobromine poisoning, for instance, although few cats will eat chocolate. Toxicity in cats ingesting relatively large amounts of onions or garlic has also been reported.[26] Even such seemingly safe items as cat food packaged in pull tab tin cans have been statistically linked to hyperthyroidism; although the connection is far from proven, suspicion has fallen on the use of bisphenol A-based plastics, another phenol based product as discussed above, to seal such cans.[26] Many houseplants are at least somewhat toxic to many species, cats included[25] and the consumption of such plants by cats is to be avoided. Behavior See also: Cat behavior and cat communication Sociability Cats can befriend other cats. Here, one cat grooms the other.For cats, life in close proximity with humans (and other animals kept by humans) amounts to a "symbiotic social adaptation" which has developed over thousands of years. The sort of social relationship cats have with their human keepers is hard to map onto more generalized wild cat (Felis spp.) behavior, but it is certain that the cat thinks of humans differently than it does of cats[citation needed] (i.e., it does not think of itself as human, nor that humans are cats). It has been suggested that, ethologically, the human keeper of a cat functions as a sort of surrogate for the cat's mother, and that adult domestic cats live their lives in a kind of extended kittenhood,[33] a form of behavioral neoteny. Cats may express affection towards their human companions, especially if they imprint on them at a very young age and are treated with consistent affection. Regardless of the average sociability of any given cat or of cats in general, there are still any number of cats who meet or exceed the negative feline stereotype insofar as being poorly socialized. Older cats have also been reported to sometimes develop aggressiveness towards kittens, which may include biting and scratching; this type of behavior is known as Feline Asocial Aggression.[34] Cohabitation One way that it is possible to see how house cats are naturally meant to behave is to observe feral domestic cats, which are social enough to form colonies.[35] Each cat in a colony holds a distinct territory, with sexually active males having the largest territories, and neutered cats having the smallest. Between these territories are neutral areas where cats watch and greet one another without territorial conflicts. Outside these neutral areas, territory holders usually aggressively chase away stranger cats, at first by staring, hissing, and growling, and if that does not work, by short but noisy and violent attacks. Despite cohabitation in colonies, cats do not have a social survival strategy, or a pack mentality. This mainly means that an individual cat takes care of all basic needs on its own (e.g., finding food, and defending itself), and thus cats are always lone hunters; they do not hunt in groups as dogs or lions do. (Of further note in this context is that it is no coincidence how cats frequently tonguebathe themselves (see Hygiene): the chemistry of their saliva, expended during their frequent grooming, appears to be a natural deodorant. Thus, a cat's cleanliness would aid in decreasing the chance a prey animal could notice the cat's presence. By contrast, dog odor is an advantage in hunting, for a dog is a pack hunter; part of the pack stations itself upwind, and its odor drives prey towards the rest of the pack stationed downwind. This requires a cooperative effort, which in turn requires communications skills. No such communications skills are required of a lone hunter.) Fighting Cats' acts of self defence involve arching their backs, turning sideways, and hissing.When engaged in feline-to-feline combat for self-defense, territory, reproduction, or dominance, fighting cats make themselves appear more impressive and threatening by raising their fur and arching their backs, thus increasing their apparent size. Cats also behave this way while playing. Attacks usually comprise powerful slaps to the face and body with the forepaws as well as bites, but serious damage is rare; usually the loser runs away with little more than a few scratches to the face, and perhaps the ears. Cats will also throw themselves to the ground in a defensive posture to rake with their powerful hind legs. Normally, serious negative effects will be limited to possible infections of the scratches and bites; though these have been known to sometimes kill cats if untreated. In addition, such fighting is believed to be the primary route of transmission of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). Sexually active males will usually be in many fights during their lives, and often have decidedly battered faces with obvious scars and cuts to the ears and nose. Not only males will fight; females will also fight over territory or to defend their kittens, and even neutered cats will defend their (smaller) territories aggressively. Play Domestic cats, especially young kittens, are known for their love of play. This behavior mimics hunting and is important in helping kittens learn to stalk, capture and kill prey.[36] Many cats cannot resist a dangling piece of string, or a piece of rope drawn randomly and enticingly across the floor. This well known love of string is often depicted in cartoons and photographs, which show kittens or cats playing with balls of yarn. It is probably related to hunting instincts, including the common practice of kittens hunting their mother's and each other's tails. If string is ingested, however, it can become caught in the cat’s stomach or intestines, causing illness, or in extreme cases, death. Due to possible complications caused by ingesting a string, string play is sometimes replaced with a laser pointer's dot, which some cats will chase. While caution is called for, there are no documented cases of feline eye damage from a laser pointer, and the combination of precision needed and low energy involved make it a remote risk. A common compromise is to use the laser pointer to draw the cat to a prepositioned toy so the cat gets a reward at the end of the chase. A regular flashlight with a well-focused light spot has been commonly used in such play for decades, preceding the availability of consumer laser pointers. Cats will also engage in play fighting, with each other and with human partners. Humans "wrestling" with a supine cat, however, should be wary: if the cat is overstimulated or startled it may decide that the play has turned serious and cease to pull its punches; this can lead to serious scratches and occasionally even bites. Hunting Domestic cat presenting a bird to its owner.Cats are carnivores and are highly specialized for hunting. Their style of hunting uses short bursts of intense exercise punctuating long periods of rest. Much like their big cat relatives, domestic and feral cats are very effective predators.[37] Domestic felines ambush or pounce upon and immobilize vertebrate prey using tactics similar to those of leopards and tigers. Having overpowered such prey, a cat delivers a lethal neck bite with its long canine teeth that either severs the prey's spinal cord, causes fatal bleeding by puncturing the carotid artery or the jugular vein, or asphyxiates the prey by crushing its trachea. One poorly-understood element of cat hunting behavior is the presentation of killed prey to human owners. Ethologist Paul Leyhausen proposed that cats adopt humans into their social group, and share excess kill with others in the group according to the local pecking order, in which humans are placed at or near the top.[38] Another possibility is that presenting the kill might be a relic of a kitten's behavior of demonstrating for its mother's approval that it has developed the necessary skill for hunting. Indoor cats will often retain their hunting instinct and deliver small household items to their owners, such as watches, pens, pencils, and other objects they can carry in their mouths. Reproduction This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2007) Cats are seasonally polyestrous, which means they may have many periods of heat over the course of a year. A heat period lasts about 4 to 7 days if the female is bred; if she is not, the heat period lasts longer. Multiple males will be attracted to a female in heat. The males will fight over her, and the victor wins the right to mate. At first, the female will reject the male, but eventually the female will allow the male to mate. The female will give a loud yowl as the male pulls out of her. After mating, the female will give herself a thorough wash. If a male attempts to breed with her at this point, the female will attack him. Once the female is done grooming, the cycle will repeat. The male cat's penis has spines which point backwards. Upon withdrawal of the penis, the spines rake the walls of the female's vagina, which may cause ovulation. Because this does not always occur, females are rarely impregnated by the first male with which they mate. Furthermore, cats are superfecund; that is, a female may mate with more than one male when she is in heat, meaning different kittens in a litter may have different fathers. An adult cat with kittens a few hours old A kitten with eyes open for the first time.The gestation period for cats is approximately 63–65 days. The size of a litter averages three to five kittens, with the first litter usually smaller than subsequent litters. Kittens are weaned at between six and seven weeks, and cats normally reach sexual maturity at 4–10 months (females) and to 5–7 months (males). Cats are ready to go to new homes at about 12 weeks old (the recommended minimum age by Fédération Internationale Féline), or when they are ready to leave their mother. Cats can be surgically sterilized (spayed or castrated) as early as 6–8 weeks to limit unwanted reproduction. This surgery also prevents undesirable sex-related behavior, such as territory marking (spraying urine) in males and yowling (calling) in females. If a cat is neutered after such behavior has been learned, however, then the behavior may persist. Hygiene The hooked papillae on a cat tongue act like a hairbrush to help clean and detangle fur.Cats are known for their fastidious cleanliness. They groom themselves by licking their fur, employing their hooked papillae and saliva. As mentioned, their saliva is a powerful cleaning agent and deodorant. Many cats also enjoy grooming humans or other cats. Sometimes the act of grooming another cat is initiated as an assertion of superior position in the pecking order of a group (dominance grooming). Some cats occasionally regurgitate hairballs of fur that have collected in their stomachs as a result of their grooming. Longhaired cats are more prone to this than shorthaired cats. Hairballs can be prevented with certain cat foods and remedies that ease elimination of the hair and regular grooming of the coat with a comb or stiff brush. Scratching Cats are naturally driven to periodically hook their front claws into suitable surfaces and pull backwards, in order to clean the claws and remove the worn outer sheath as well as exercise and stretch their muscles. This scratching behavior seems enjoyable to the cat, and even declawed cats will go through elaborate scratching routines with every evidence of great satisfaction, despite the total lack of results. Some researchers believe this is due to scent glands located in their pads, and that scratching is effectively a part of marking territory. Fondness for heights A cat in a tree.Most breeds of cat have a noted fondness for settling in high places, or perching. Animal behaviorists have posited a number of explanations, the most common being that height gives the cat a better observation point, allowing it to survey its "territory" and become aware of activities of people and other pets in the area. In the wild, a higher place may serve as a concealed site from which to hunt; domestic cats are known to strike prey by pouncing from such a perch as a tree branch, as does a leopard.[39] Height, therefore, can also give cats a sense of security and prestige. During a fall from a high place, a cat can reflexively twist its body and right itself using its acute sense of balance and flexibility.[40] This is known as the cat's "righting reflex". It always rights itself in the same way, provided it has the time to do so, during a fall. The height required for this to occur in most cats (safely) is around 3 feet (90 cm). Cats without a tail also have this ability, since a cat mostly moves its hind legs and relies on conservation of angular momentum to set up for landing, and the tail is in fact little used for this feat.[41] However, cats' fondness for high spaces can dangerously test the righting reflex. The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals warns owners to safeguard the more dangerous perches in their homes, to avoid "high-rise syndrome", where an overconfident cat falls from an extreme height.[42] Ecology Habitat The African Wildcat (Felis sylvestris lybica), ancestor of the domestic cat, is believed to have evolved in a desert climate, as evident in the behavior common to both the domestic and wild forms. Wildcats (Felis sylvestris) are native to all continents other than Australia and Antarctica, although feral cats have become apex predators in the Australian Outback where they are menaces to wildlife.[43] Their feces are usually dry, and cats prefer to bury them in sandy places. Urine is highly concentrated, which allows the cat to retain as much fluid as possible. They are able to remain motionless for long periods, especially when observing prey and preparing to pounce. In North Africa there are still small wildcats that are probably related closely to the ancestors of today's domesticated cat breeds. Being closely related to desert animals, cats enjoy heat and solar exposure, often sleeping in a sunny area during the heat of the day, as part of a general preference for warm temperatures. Where humans typically start to feel uncomfortable when their skin temperature gets higher than about 44.5 °C (112 °F), by contrast cats do not start to show signs of discomfort until their skin reaches about 52 °C (126 °F). Overall, cats can easily withstand the heat and cold of a temperate climate, so long as the cold is not for extended periods. Although certain breeds such as the Norwegian Forest Cat and Maine Coon have developed heavier coats of fur than other cats, they have little resistance against moist cold (e.g., fog, rain and snow) and struggle to maintain their 39 °C (102 °F) body temperature when wet. In direct relation to that fact, most cats dislike immersion in water. One major exception is the Turkish Van breed which has an unusual fondness for water.[44] Abyssinians and Bengals are also reported to be more tolerant of water than most cats. Impact of hunting The domestic cat hunts and eats over a thousand species, many of them invertebrates, especially insects — many big cats will eat fewer than a hundred different species. Although theoretically big cats can kill most of these species as well, they often do not due to the relatively low nutritional content that smaller animals provide for the effort. An exception is the leopard, which commonly hunts rabbits and many other smaller animals. Even well-fed domestic cats may hunt and kill birds, mice, rats, scorpions, cockroaches, grasshoppers, and other small animals in their environment. As a consequence of their exceptional hunting ability, cats can be quite destructive to ecosystems in which they are not native, where local species have not had time to adapt to feline introduction. In some cases, cats have contributed to or caused extinctions — for example, see the case of the Stephens Island Wren. Due to their hunting behavior, in many countries feral cats are considered pests. Domestic cats are occasionally also required to have contained cat runs or to be kept inside entirely, as they can be hazardous to locally endangered bird species. For instance, various municipalities in Australia have enacted such legislation. In some localities, owners fit their cat with a bell in order to warn prey of its approach (although some cats may figure out how and when the bell works, thereby learning more careful movements to avoid the ringing). House cats Domestication In 2004, a grave was excavated in Cyprus that contained the skeletons, laid close to one another, of both a human and a cat. The grave is estimated to be 9,500 years old, pushing back the earliest known feline-human association significantly.[4][45][46] In captivity, indoor cats typically live 14 to 20 years, though the oldest-known cat lived to age 36.[47] Domesticated cats tend to live longer if they are not permitted to go outdoors (reducing the risk of injury from fights or accidents and exposure to diseases) and if they are neutered. Some such benefits are: castrated male cats cannot develop testicular cancer, spayed female cats cannot develop ovarian cancer, and both have a reduced risk of mammary cancer.[48] Like some other domesticated animals, cats live in a mutualistic arrangement with humans. It is believed that the benefit of removing rats and mice from humans' food stores outweighed the trouble of extending the protection of a human settlement to a formerly wild animal, almost certainly for humans who had adopted a farming economy. Unlike the dog, which also hunts and kills rodents, the cat does not eat grains, fruits, or vegetables. In modern rural areas, farms often have dozens of semi-feral cats. Hunting in the barns and the fields, they kill and eat rodents that would otherwise spoil large parts of the grain crop. Many pet cats successfully hunt and kill rabbits, rodents, birds, lizards, frogs, fish, and large insects by instinct, but might not eat their prey. In modern urban areas, some people find feral and free-roaming pet cats annoying and intrusive. Unaltered cats can engage in persistent nighttime calling (termed caterwauling) and defecation or "marking" of private property. Indoor confinement of pets and TNR programs for feral cats can help; some people also use cat deterrents to discourage cats from entering their property. Interaction with humans Human attitudes toward cats vary widely. Some people keep cats for casual companionship as pets. Others go to great lengths to pamper their cats, sometimes treating them as if they were children. Cats are also bred and shown as registered pedigree pets, in a hobby known as the cat fancy. Because of their small size, domesticated house cats pose almost no danger to adult humans — the main hazard is the possibility of infection (e.g., cat scratch disease, or, rarely, rabies) from a cat bite or scratch. Cats can also potentially inflict severe scratches or puncture an eye, though this is quite rare (although dogs have been known to be blinded by cats in fights, where the cat specifically and accurately targeted the eyes of the larger animal). Allergens Allergic reactions to cat dander and/or cat saliva inspire one of the most common reasons people cite for disliking cats. Some humans who are allergic to cats—typically manifested by hay fever, asthma or a skin rash—quickly acclimate themselves to a particular animal and live comfortably in the same house with it, while retaining an allergy to cats in general.[49] However, this should not be depended upon. Many humans find the rewards of cat companionship outweigh the discomfort and problems associated with these allergens. Some cope with the problem by taking prescription allergy medicine, along with bathing their cats frequently (weekly bathing will eliminate about 90% of the cat dander present in the environment). There are also attempts to breed cats that are less likely to provoke an allergic reaction. Trainability Some owners seek to train their cat in performing tricks commonly exhibited by dogs, such as jumping, though this is rare. Individual cats have been known to learn to manipulate simple mechanisms, like sink faucets, by themselves or after prompting/encouraging. With effort and patience on the part of an owner, the average cat can usually be trained to at least obey simple commands such as "get off the furniture" or "come to dinner". In general though, the seeming intractability of the ordinary house cat to training has long inspired the simile "like herding cats", as a general expression to describe any situation with a stubborn or uncooperative learner. Indoor scratching Cats are naturally driven to periodically hook their front claws into suitable surfaces and pull backwards, in order to clean the claws. Indoor cats benefit from being provided with a scratching post so that they are less likely to use carpet or furniture which they can easily ruin.[50] Commercial scratching posts typically are covered in carpeting or upholstery, but some authorities advise against this practice, as not making it clear to the cat which surfaces are permissible and which are not; they suggest using a plain wooden surface, or reversing the carpeting on the posts so that the rougher texture of the carpet backing is a more attractive alternative to the cat than the floor covering. Scratching posts made of sisal rope or corrugated cardboard are also commonly found. Some indoor cats, however, especially those that were taken as kittens from feral colonies, may not understand the concept of a scratching post, and as a result will ignore it. Close-up of a cat's claw, with the quick clearly visible.Although scratching can serve cats to keep their claws from growing excessively long, their nails can be trimmed if necessary with a small nail trimmer designed for humans, or a small pair of electrician's diagonal cutting pliers, or a guillotine type cutter specifically designed for animal nail trimming. Care must always be taken to avoid cutting the quick of the claw, analogous to cutting into the tip of a finger and equally painful and bloody. The position of the quick can be easily seen through the translucent nail of a cat with light colored claws but not in cats with dark colored nails, who therefore require carefully trimming of only small amounts from the nails. Scratching can be reduced and even eliminated by disciplining the cat with a quick spritz from a water bottle when the cat is scratching or by applying a product called Sticky Paws (similar to double-sided tape) to the surface the cat is prone to scratch. Cats are also repelled by citrus scents, and a citrus-scented product may also help stop unwanted furniture destruction. Pet supply stores also sell bitter apple spray, which cats do not like and will generally avoid. Declawing Main article: Onychectomy Declawing is a surgical procedure, known as onychectomy, to remove the claw and first bone of each digit of a cat's paws. Declawing is most commonly only performed on front feet. Declawing may be performed to prevent the cat from damaging furniture. Additionally, declawing may be performed on vicious cats, cats that frequently fight with other pets, or cats that are too efficient at predation of animals. In the United States, landlords sometimes require that tenants' cats be declawed. Declawing is controversial and is uncommon outside of North America. It is sometimes prohibited by animal cruelty laws. Waste Indoor cats are usually provided with a litter box containing litter, typically bentonite, but sometimes other absorbent material such as shredded paper or wood chips, or sometimes sand or similar material. This arrangement serves the same purpose as a toilet for humans. It should be cleaned daily and changed often, depending on the number of cats in a household and the type of litter; if it is not kept clean, a cat may be fastidious enough to find other locations in the house for urination or defecation. This may also happen for other reasons; for instance, if a cat becomes constipated and defecation is uncomfortable, it may associate the discomfort with the litter box and avoid it in favor of another location. A litterbox is recommended for indoor-outdoor cats as well. Daily attention to the litter box also serves as a monitor of the cat's health. Numerous variations on litter and litter box design exist, including some which automatically sift the litter after each use. Bentonite or clumping litter is a variation which absorbs urine into clumps which can be sifted out along with feces, and thus stays cleaner longer with regular sifting, but has sometimes been reported to cause health problems in some cats.[51] Those with toxoplasmosis-infected cats living in habitat areas of sea otters[52] may wish to dispose of droppings in the trash, rather than flushing them down the toilet. [53] Toilet-trained house cat.Litterboxes may pose a risk of toxoplasmosis transmission to susceptible pregnant women and immuno-compromised individuals. Most indoor-only cats are not normally exposed to the disease and are not carriers. Transmission risk may be reduced by daily litterbox cleaning by someone other than the susceptible individual. Some cats can be trained to use the human toilet, eliminating the litter box and its attendant expense, unpleasant odor, and the need to use landfill space for disposal. Training may involve four to six weeks of incremental moves, such as moving and elevating the litter box until it is near the toilet, as well as employing an adapter such as a bowl or small box to suspend the litter above the toilet bowl.[54] Several kits and other aids are marketed to help toilet-train cats. When training is complete, the cat uses the toilet by squatting on the toilet seat over the bowl. Domesticated varieties The list of cat breeds is quite large: most cat registries actually recognize between 30 and 40 breeds of cats, and several more are in development, with one or more new breeds being recognized each year on average, having distinct features and heritage. The owners and breeders of show cats compete to see whose animal bears the closest resemblance to the "ideal" definition & standard of the breed (see selective breeding). Because of common crossbreeding in populated areas, many cats are simply identified as belonging to the homogeneous breeds of domestic longhair and domestic shorthair, depending on their type of fur. In the United Kingdom and Australia, non-purebred cats are referred in slang as moggies (derived from "Maggie", short for Margaret, reputed to have been a common name for cows and calves in 18th century England and latter applied to housecats during the Victorian era).[55] In the United States, a non-purebred cat is sometimes referred to in slang as a barn or alley cat, even if it is not a stray. Cats come in a variety of colors and patterns. These are physical properties and should not be confused with a breed of cat. Some original cat breeds that have a distinct phenotype that is the main type occurring naturally as the dominant domesticated cat type in their region of origin are sometimes considered as subspecies and also have received names as such in nomenclature, although this is not supported by feline biologists. Some of these cat breeds are: F. catus anura - the Manx F. catus siamensis - the Siamese F. catus cartusenensis - the Chartreux F. catus angorensis - the Turkish Angora Cat with a van pattern. Coat patterns Cat coat genetics can produce a variety of coat patterns. Some of the most common are: Bicolor, Tuxedo and Van This pattern varies between the tuxedo cat which is mostly black with a white chest, and possibly markings on the face and paws/legs, all the way to the Van pattern (so named after the Lake Van area in Turkey, which gave rise to the Turkish Van breed), where the only colored parts of the cat are the tail (usually including the base of the tail proper), and the top of the head (often including the ears). There are several other terms for amounts of white between these two extremes, such as Harlequin or jellicle cat. Bicolor cats can have as their primary (non-white) color black, red, any dilution thereof and tortoiseshell (see below for definition). Mackerel tabby cat, showing the characteristic "M" on its forehead.Tabby cat Striped, with a variety of patterns. The classic "blotched" tabby (or "marbled") pattern is the most common and consists of butterflies and bullseyes. The "mackerel" or "striped" tabby is a series of vertical stripes down the cat's side (resembling the fish). This pattern broken into spots is referred to as a "spotted" tabby. Finally, the tabby markings may look like a series of ticks on the fur, thus the "ticked" tabby, which is almost exclusively associated with the Abyssinian breed of cats. The worldwide evolution of the cat means that certain types of tabby are associated with certain countries; for instance, blotched tabbies are quite rare outside NW Europe, where they are the most common type. Female tortoiseshell-and-white cat.Tortoiseshell and Calico This cat is also known as a Calimanco cat or Clouded Tiger cat, and by the nickname "tortie." In the cat fancy, a tortoiseshell cat is randomly patched over with red (or its dilute form, cream) and black (or its dilute blue) mottled throughout the coat. Additionally, the cat may have white spots in its fur, which make it a "tortoiseshell and white" cat or, if there is a significant amount of white in the fur and the red and black colors form a patchwork rather than a mottled aspect, the cat will be called a "calico." All calicos are tortoiseshell (as they carry both black and red), but not all tortoiseshells are calicos (which requires a significant amount of white in the fur and patching rather than mottling of the colors). The calico is also sometimes called a "tricolor cat." The Japanese refer to this pattern as mi-ke (meaning "triple fur"), while the Dutch call these cats lapjeskat (meaning "patches cat"). A true tricolor must consist of three colors: a reddish color, dark or light; white; and one other color, typically a brown, black or blue.[56] Both tortoiseshell and calico cats are typically female because the coat pattern is the result of differential X chromosome inactivation in females (which, as with all normal female mammals, have two X chromosomes). Conversely, cats where the overall color is ginger (orange) are commonly male (roughly in a 3:1 ratio). In a litter sired by a ginger tom, the females will be tortoiseshell or ginger. Male tortoiseshells can occur as a result of chromosomal abnormalities (often linked to sterility) or by a phenomenon known as chimericism, where two early stage embryos are merged into a single kitten. Siamese cat, classical colorpoint pattern.Colorpoint The colorpoint pattern is most commonly associated with Siamese cats, but may also appear in any domesticated cat. A colorpointed cat has dark colors on the face, ears, feet, and tail, with a lighter version of the same color on the rest of the body, and possibly some white. The exact name of the colorpoint pattern depends on the actual color, so there are seal points (dark brown), chocolate points (warm lighter brown), blue points (dark gray), lilac or frost points (silvery gray-pink), red or flame points (orange), and tortie (tortoiseshell mottling) points, among others. This pattern is the result of a temperature sensitive mutation in one of the enzymes in the metabolic pathway from tyrosine to pigment, such as melanin; thus, little or no pigment is produced except in the extremities or "points," where the skin is slightly cooler. For this reason, colorpointed cats tend to darken with age as bodily temperature drops; also, the fur over a significant injury may sometimes darken or lighten as a result of temperature change. The tyrosine pathway also produces neurotransmitters, thus mutations in the early parts of that pathway may affect not only pigment, but also neurological development. This results in a higher frequency of cross-eyes among colorpointed cats, as well as the high frequency of cross-eyes in white tigers. White cats True albinism (a mutation of the tyrosinase gene) is quite rare in cats. Much more common is the appearance of white coat color due to a lack of melanocytes in the skin. A higher frequency of deafness in white cats is due to a reduction in the population and survival of melanoblast stem cells, which in addition to creating pigment producing cells, develop into a variety of neurological cell types. White cats with one or two blue eyes have a particularly high likelihood of being deaf. Body types Cats can also come in several body types, ranging between two extremes: Oriental Not a specific breed, but any cat with an elongated slender build, almond-shaped eyes, long nose, large ears (the Siamese and Oriental Shorthair breeds are examples of this). Cobby Any cat with a short, muscular, compact build, roundish eyes, short nose, and small ears. Persian cats and Exotic cats are two prime examples of such a body type. Feral cats Main article: Feral cat This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2008) Feral farm cat showing effects of a rough life.Feral cats may live alone, but most are found in large groups called feral colonies with communal nurseries, depending on resource availability. Most abandoned cats probably have little alternative to joining a feral colony. Some feral cat colonies are found in large cities such as around the Colosseum and Forum Romanum in Rome. The Roman cats are not truly feral because they are partly fed and vetted by the local authority. Because cats are adaptable, those in residential areas know that if they are friendly to humans they need not worry about food or shelter. Some urban "stray" cats have many houses/humans to support them. Although cats are adaptable, feral felines are unable to thrive in extreme cold and heat, and with a very high protein requirement, few find adequate nutrition on their own in cities. They are often killed by dogs, coyotes, and automobiles. However, there are thousands of volunteers and organizations that trap these unadoptable feral felines, neutering them, immunize the cats against rabies and feline leukemia, and treat them with long-lasting flea products. Before release back into their feral colonies, the attending veterinarian often nips the tip off one ear to mark the feral as neutered and inoculated, since these cats will more than likely find themselves trapped again. Volunteers continue to feed and give care to these cats throughout their lives, and not only is their lifespan greatly increased, but behavior and nuisance problems, due to competition for food, are also greatly reduced. In time, if an entire colony is successfully neutered, no additional kittens are born and the feral colony disappears.[citation needed] Environmental effects Trapped Feral catFeral cats are thought to be a major predator of Hawaiian coastal and forest habitats, and are one species among many responsible for the decline of endemic forest bird species as well as seabirds like the Wedge-tailed Shearwater.[57] In one study of 56 cats' feces, the remains of 44 birds were found, 40 of which were endemic species.[58] In the Southern Hemisphere there are many landmasses including Australia where cat species have never been native, and other placental mammalian predators were rare or absent. Native species there tend to be more ecologically vulnerable and behaviorally "naive" to predation by feral cats. Feral cats have had serious effects on these wildlife species and have played a leading role in the endangerment and extinction of many of them. In Australia a large quantity of native birds, lizards and small marsupials are taken every year by feral cats, and feral cats have played a role in driving some small marsupial species to extinction. Some organizations in Australia are now going to effort of creating fenced islands of habitat for endangered species that are free of feral cats and foxes.[59] Ethical and humane concerns over feral cats There are two divergent views about the relationship of cats with the environment. The first argues that the environmental impact of feral cat programs and of indoor/outdoor cats is a subject of debate. Part of this stems from humane concern for the cats, and part stems from concerns about cat predation on endangered species. The amount of ecological damage done by indoor/outdoor cats depends on local conditions. As suggested above, the most severe effect occurs to island ecologies. Environmental concerns may be minimal in most of the UK where cats are an established species and few to none of the local prey species are endangered. Pet owners can contact veterinarians, ecological organizations, and universities for opinions about whether local conditions are suitable for outdoor cats. Additional concerns include potential dangers from larger predators and infectious diseases. Coyotes kill large numbers of housecats in the Southwestern United States, even in urban zones. FELV (feline leukemia), FIV (feline immunodeficiency virus), or rabies may be present in the area. If faced with conflicting evidence, the safe choice is to keep a cat indoors. Cats present a risk of overpopulation, as well. According to the Humane Society of the United States, 3–4 million cats and dogs are euthanized each year in the United States and many more are confined to cages in shelters because there are significantly more animals being born than there are homes. Neutering pets helps keep the overpopulation down. A study in 1992 found that in the USA, 12,893 (29.4%) of pets, 26.9% of dogs and 32.6% of cats were sterilized.[60] Local humane societies, SPCAs, and other animal protection organizations urge people to neuter their pets and to adopt from shelters instead of purchasing elsewhere. Etymology and taxonomic history Scientific classification The domestic cat was first classified as Felis catus by Carolus Linnaeus in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae of 1758.[61][62] However, some contemporary studies have revealed evidence that domestic cats may be conspecific with (belong to the same species as) the Wildcat,[61] classified as Felis silvestris by Schreber in 1777[63]. This has resulted in mixed usage of the terms. The domestic cat is sometimes considered to be a subspecies, F. s. catus, of the species F. silvestris.[3] Wildcats have also been referred to as various subspecies of F. catus[63], but in 2003, Opinion 2027 of the ICZN fixed the name for Wildcats as F. silvestris.[64]. The predominant usage for the domestic cat remains to be F. catus, treating it as a separate species and following the convention of using the earliest (the senior) synonym proposed. Johann Christian Polycarp Erxleben classified the domesticated cat as Felis domesticus in his Anfangsgründe der Naturlehre and Systema regni animalis of 1777. This name, and its variants Felis catus domesticus and Felis silvestris domesticus, are often seen, but they are not valid scientific names under the rules of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Nomenclature A group of cats is referred to as a clowder, a male cat is called a tom (or a gib, if neutered), and a female is called a queen. The male progenitor of a cat, especially a pedigreed cat, is its sire, and its female progenitor is its dam. An immature cat is called a kitten (which is also an alternative name for young rats, rabbits, hedgehogs, beavers, squirrels and skunks). In medieval Britain, the word kitten was interchangeable with the word catling. A cat whose ancestry is formally registered is called a pedigreed cat, purebred cat, or a show cat (although not all show cats are pedigreed or purebred). In strict terms, a purebred cat is one whose ancestry contains only individuals of the same breed. A pedigreed cat is one whose ancestry is recorded, but may have ancestors of different breeds (almost exclusively new breeds; cat registries are very strict about which breeds can be mated together). Cats of unrecorded mixed ancestry are referred to as domestic longhairs and domestic shorthairs or commonly as random-bred, moggies, mongrels, mutt-cats or alley cats. The ratio of pedigree/purebred cats to random-bred cats varies from country to country. However, generally speaking, purebreds are less than ten percent of the total Feline population.[65] Etymology The word cat derives from Old English catt, which belongs to a group of related words in European languages, including Welsh cath, Spanish gato, Basque katu, Byzantine Greek kátia, Old Irish cat, German Katze, and Old Church Slavonic kotka. The ultimate source of all these terms is Late Latin catus, cattus, catta "domestic cat", as opposed to feles "European wildcat". It is unclear whether the Greek or the Latin came first, but they were undoubtedly borrowed from an Afro-Asiatic language akin to Nubian kadís and Berber kaddîska, both meaning "wildcat".[66] This term was either cognate with or borrowed from Late Egyptian čaus "jungle cat, African wildcat" (later giving Coptic šau "tomcat"[67]), itself from earlier Egyptian tešau "female cat"[68] (vs. miew "tomcat"[69]). The term puss (as in pussycat) may come from Dutch poes or from Low German Puuskatte, dialectal Swedish kattepus, or Norwegian pus, pusekatt, all of which primarily denote a woman and, by extension, a female cat.[70] History and mythology Egyptian sculpture at the Louvre.Main articles: History of cats and Cats in ancient Egypt Cats have been kept by humans since at least ancient Egypt, where Bast in cat form was goddess of the home, the domesticated cat, protector of the fields and home from vermin infestations, and sometimes took on the warlike aspect of a lioness. The first domesticated cats may have saved early Egyptians from many rodent infestations and likewise, Bast developed from the adoration for her feline companions. She was the daughter of the sun god Ra and played significant role in Ancient Egyptian religion. It has been speculated that cats resident in Kenya's Islands in the Lamu Archipelago may be the last living direct descendants of the cats of ancient Egypt.[71] Several ancient religions believed that cats are exalted souls, companions or guides for humans, that they are all-knowing but are mute so they cannot influence decisions made by humans. In Japan, the Maneki Neko is a cat that is a symbol of "good fortune". While in Islam there is not a sacred species, it is said by some writers that Muhammad had a favorite cat, Muezza.[72] It is said he loved cats so much that "he would do without his cloak rather than disturb one that was sleeping on it".[73] Freyja — the goddess of love, beauty, and fertility in Norse mythology — is riding a chariot driven by cats. Nine lives It is common myth that cats have nine lives, in some cultures it is seven. The myth is attributed to the natural suppleness and swiftness cats exhibit to escape life-threatening situations.[74] Also lending credence to this myth is that falling cats often land on their feet because of an inbuilt automatic twisting reaction and are able to twist their bodies around to land feet first, though they can still be injured or killed by a high fall.[75] See also Cats Portal Mammals Portal Cat breed Cat Fanciers' Association Cat genetics Cat intelligence Cat meat Cat pheromone Cat play and toys Category:Cat types Farm cat List of cat breeds List of cats List of fictional cats Sex organ of cat References ^ Wozencraft, W. C. (16 November 2005). in Wilson, D. E., and Reeder, D. M. (eds): Mammal Species of the World, 3rd edition, Johns Hopkins University Press, . ISBN 0-801-88221-4. ^ ITIS. ITIS Standard Report Page: Felis catus domestica. ^ a b c d Driscoll, Carlos A. et al (2007-07-27). "The Near Eastern Origin of Cat Domestication". Science 1: e3. doi:10.1126/science.1139518. PMID 17600185. ^ a b Oldest Known Pet Cat? 9500-Year-Old Burial Found on Cyprus. National Geographic News (2004-04-08). Retrieved on 2007-03-06. ^ a b Meows Mean More To Cat Lovers. Channel3000.com. Retrieved on 2006-06-14. ^ AVMA Survey Confirms Cat's Status as Top Dog ^ Wade, Nicholas. "Study Traces Cat's Ancestry to Middle East", 'The New York Times', 2007-06-29. Retrieved on 2008-04-02. ^ DWARF, MIDGET AND MINIATURE CATS. Retrieved on 2007-03-06. ^ Cat Skeleton. Retrieved on 2006-12-12. ^ At Home: Care / Health: Understanding Cats. Retrieved on 2005-08-15. ^ Armes, Annetta F. (1900-12-22). "Outline of Cat Lessons". The School Journal LXI: 659. ^ Vaccinate Your Cat at Home. Retrieved on 2006-10-18. ^ The Cat Comes Back. Retrieved on 2006-10-18. ^ How to Give Subcutaneous Fluids to a Cat. Retrieved on 2006-10-18. ^ Scruffing your dog or cat. Retrieved on 2008-02-26. ^ Strain, G.M.. How Well Do Dogs and Other Animals Hear?. Louisiana State University. Retrieved on 2007-05-15. ^ The Nose Knows. About.com. Retrieved on 2006-11-29. ^ a b Li, Xia; Weihua Li, Hong Wang, Jie Cao, Kenji Maehashi, Liquan Huang, Alexander A. Bachmanov, Danielle R. Reed, Véronique Legrand-Defretin, Gary K. Beauchamp, Joseph G. Brand (July 2005). "Pseudogenization of a Sweet-Receptor Gene Accounts for Cats' Indifference toward Sugar". PLOS Genetics 1 (1): e3. Public Library of Science. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.0010003. ^ Animal Doctor (July 9 2002). "Dear Dr. Fox". The Washington Post, p. C10. ^ Ring, Ken and Romhany, Paul (1999-08-01). Pawmistry: How to Read Your Cat's Paws. Berkeley, California: Ten Speed Press, p. 10. ISBN 1-58008-111-8. ^ Normal Values For Dog and Cat Temperature, Blood Tests, Urine and other information in ThePetCenter.com. Retrieved on 2005-08-01. ^ Nie W, Wang J, O'Brien PC, et al (2002). "The genome phylogeny of domestic cat, red panda and five mustelid species revealed by comparative chromosome painting and G-banding". Chromosome Res. 10 (3): 209–22. doi:10.1023/A:1015292005631. PMID 12067210. ^ Zoran DL (2002). "The carnivore connection to nutrition in cats". Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 221 (11): 1559–67. doi:10.2460/javma.2002.221.1559. ^ Plants and Your Cat. The Cat Fanciers' Association, Inc.. Retrieved on 2007-05-15. ^ a b Substances That Are Poison to Pets. Judy's Health Cafe.com. Retrieved on 2007-01-18. ^ a b c d e f g Toxic to Cats. Vetinfo4Cats. Retrieved on 2007-01-18. ^ Allen AL (2003). "The diagnosis of acetaminophen toxicosis in a cat". Canadian Veterinary Journal 44 (6): 509–10. PMID 12839249. ^ Villar D, Buck WB, Gonzalez JM (1998). "Ibuprofen, aspirin and acetaminophen toxicosis and treatment in Dogs and Cats". Vet Hum Toxicol 40 (3): 156–62. PMID 9610496. ^ Camille DeClementi; Keith L. Bailey, Spencer C. Goldstein, and Michael Scott Orser (December 2004). "Suspected toxicosis after topical administration of minoxidil in 2 cats". Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care 14 (4): 287–292. doi:10.1111/j.1476-4431.2004.04014.x. ^ Minoxidil Warning. ShowCatsOnline.com. Retrieved on 2007-01-18. “Very small amounts of Minoxidil can result [in] serious problems or death” ^ Rousseaux CG, Smith RA, Nicholson S (1986). "Acute Pinesol toxicity in a domestic cat". Vet Hum Toxicol 28 (4): 316–7. PMID 3750813. ^ Antifreeze Warning. The Cat Fanciers' Association, Inc.. Retrieved on 2007-05-15. ^ Cat Guide: Adolescence and Sexual Maturity Animal Planet ^ E. Levine; P. Perry, J. Scarlett, K.A. Houpt (2005). "Intercat aggression in households following the introduction of a new cat" (pdf). Applied Animal Behaviour Science (90): 325–336. doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2004.07.006. ^ Crowell-davis, S.L.; Curtis, T.M.; Knowles, R.J. (2004). "Social organization in the cat: a modern understanding". Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 6 (1): 19–28. doi:10.1016/j.jfms.2003.09.013. ^ Poirier FE, Hussey LK (1982). "Nonhuman Primate Learning: The Importance of Learning from an Evolutionary Perspective" ([dead link] – Scholar search). Anthropology & Education Quarterly 13 (2): 133–148. doi:10.1525/aeq.1982.13.2.05x1830j. ^ Fish & Wildlife Today: Winter 1998: Minnesota's killer kitties: Minnesota DNR ^ Leyhausen, Paul (1978). Cat Behavior: The Predatory and Social Behavior of Domestic and Wild Cats. ISBN 978-0824070175. ^ Why Do Cats Like High Places?. Drs. Foster & Smith, Inc.. Dr. Holly Nash, DVM, MS. ^ Falling Cats. Retrieved on 2005-10-24. ^ Huy D. Nguyen. How does a Cat always land on its feet?. Georgia Tech University, School of Medical Engineering. Retrieved on 2007-05-15. ^ Veterinary & Aquatic Services Department. High-Rise Syndrome: Cats Injured Due to Falls. Drs. Foster & Smith, Inc.. ^ www.abc.net.au/rn/science/ockham/stories/s64308.htm. Retrieved on 2007-05-26. ^ www.swimmingcats.com/faqs.html. Retrieved on 2007-05-26. ^ Muir, Hazel. "Ancient remains could be oldest pet cat", New Scientist, 8 April 2004. Retrieved on 2007-11-23. ^ Walton, Marsha. "Ancient burial looks like human and pet cat", CNN, Friday, April 9, 2004. Retrieved on 2007-11-23. ^ Feline Statistics. Retrieved on 2005-08-15. ^ Spay and Neuter Your Pet Cats. ^ Dealing with cat allergies. animaltrustees.org. ^ Scratching or clawing in the house. Retrieved on 2005-08-14. ^ Suspected bentonite toxicosis in a cat from ingestion of clay cat litter. Retrieved on 2005-09-10. ^ "Parasite in cats killing sea otters", NOAA magazine, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, January 21, 2003. Retrieved on 2007-11-24. ^ The Sea Otter Savior ^ The Toilet Trained Cat: A Step-By-Step Guide on How To Train Your Cat to Use the Human Toilet ^ Moggie. Worldwidewords.org. Retrieved on 2007-05-15. ^ Torties, Calicos and Tricolor cats. Retrieved on 2005-10-24. ^ www.birdinghawaii.co.uk/XShearwaterkills2.htm. Retrieved on 2007-05-26. ^ Introduced Species in Hawaii (Senior Seminar 2002). Earlham college, Department of Biology (2002). Retrieved on 2007-05-15. ^ Community awareness and involvement in the conservation of our unique mammal emblem, Project Numbat ^ Jane C. Mahlow, DVM, MS. Estimation of the proportions of dogs and cats that are surgically sterilized. www.spayusa.org, summarizing J Am Vet Med Assoc 1992;215;640–643. Retrieved on 2007-05-15. ^ a b Wozencraft, W. C. (16 November 2005). in Wilson, D. E., and Reeder, D. M. (eds): Mammal Species of the World, 3rd edition, Johns Hopkins University Press, 534–535. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. ^ (Latin) Linnaeus, Carolus [1758] (1766). Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, 12th edition 1, Holmiae (Laurentii Salvii), 62. Retrieved on 2008-04-02. ^ a b Wozencraft, W. C. (16 November 2005). in Wilson, D. E., and Reeder, D. M. (eds): Mammal Species of the World, 3rd edition, Johns Hopkins University Press, 536–537. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. ^ ICZN (2003-03-31). "Opinions". Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 60. International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. ^ ASPCA Complete Guide to Cats by James R. Richards,, DVM ^ Cat. The Online etymology dictionary. Retrieved on 2007-05-15. ^ Crum, Walter Ewing. A Coptic Dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1939: 601 <> ^ "Le chat: origines et étymologie." Chat et compagnie. 2006. <> ^ SenenAnep Meritamen. "English to Egyptian Dictionary." posted 29 August 2004. Ancient Worlds. AncientWorlds LLC, 2002 <>. ^ Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language. New York: Gramercy Books, 1996: 1571. ^ Couffer, Jack (1998). The Cats of Lamu. New York: The Lyons Press. ISBN 1558216626. ^ Geyer, Georgie Anne (2004). When Cats Reigned Like Kings: On the Trail of the Sacred Cats. ^ Minou Reeves. Muhammad in Europe. New York University (NYU) Press, p.52. ^ Cat Myths, Misinformation and Untruths ^ The ASPCA Warns About High-Rise Falls by Cats. About.com External links Listen to this article (3 parts) · (info) Part 1 • Part 2 • Part 3 This audio file was created from a revision dated 2007-05-13, and does not reflect subsequent edits to the article. (Audio help) More spoken articlesLook up cat, kitty, meow in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.Wikibooks has a book on the topic of Animal CareWikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: CatWikimedia Commons has media related to: Felis silvestris catusWikispecies has information related to: Cat Anatomy High-Resolution Images of the Cat Brain Articles Cat behavior explained Catpert. The Cat Expert - Cat articles Choosing a cat - article at Citizendium Veterinary related American Association of Feline Practitioners Cat Genome Project at the US The National Cancer Institute Cat Vaccination and Health Care Schedule Cornell Feline Health Center Feline Behavior Guidelines An AAFP publication Feline Medical & Behaviour Database (large number of short articles) Information about the third eyelid of cats, and the problem of Kertao, or "dry eye". Onions are Toxic to Cats
- transactie: CATS CATS staat voor Cross Application Time Sheet. In de HR module kun je CATS gebruiken om uren te registreren. CATS bevat ook functionaliteit waarmee je een urenverantwoording kunt goedkeuren en de uren uiteindelijk in de financiële module kunt verwerken
* tabellen
* functiebouwstenen
- A group of monsters commonly depicted in the game with the non-capitalized letter "f", which are notable because proper treatment of felines can be rewarded with an artifact of major power, the Ring of the Master Cat. To get it, of the following mundane cat-type monsters
* the wild cat,
* the cave lion
* and the cave tiger the player must not kill any, even one, until he meets the fourth and last possible "f" creature, the cat lord, who is located on D:35 or D:36. If the player succeeds the cat lord will commend him for respecting the cat race and grant him the ring, then disappear. If the player, however, has killed even one cat, the ring will not be granted. If the player has only killed one cat the cat lord might be created non-hostile, but if he has killed cats in the same manner as other monsters, the cat lord will attack on sight - for details on this highly dangerous foe check his article. The Ring of the Master Cat is powerful enough that many players find it worthwhile to at least try to avoid killing cats unless it is absolutely necessary. Once even one cat has been killed, either by necessity or by accident, there is still a certain incentive to avoid killing more since each killed cat makes the cat lord stronger in combat - on the other hand, this will also increase the amount of experience the player is awarded for killing him. In any case, to avoid killing cats there are a myriad of strategies imaginable, the most obvious being teleport effects, killing cats using pre-existent traps, ordering a pet or companion to kill the cat, or using higher speed to run away. The player can also take advantage of other monsters' special powers — such as making sure a hostile cat is in the blast radius when the PC is hit by a vortex, or letting a monster hit them with a long range breath attack if there is a cat behind the PC. Notably, sacrificing the cat will count against the player, as will (accidentally) killing an adjacent cat with an exploding (door) trap. Cats encountered in the Arena can be teleported out, which counts as a combat win. Also throwing potions of exchange at them will change them to a different creature. Cats killed by floor traps do not count against the player, so a wand of trap creation can also be used to remove troublesome cats (be careful, however, as this method requires moving the cat repeatedly onto and off the trap, and it is easy to make a mistake and kill them with a melee attack).
- Cats are not available as a starter animal, but are available after you start. There are many cats available for purchase at the Kennel. Because it's called Nintendogs (DS version), there are no cats available for purchase. However, the sequel, Nintendogs + Cats, now contains the ability to buy kittens.The types of cats available are: Standard, Oriental and Longhair.
- Two cats were depicted in the course of the storyline of "Enter 77".
- Cats is the third episode of Tim & Eric Awesome Show, Great Job!, and the third episode of season 1.
- Also known as "The Lord of All Base", CATS is a cosmic entity of great and unspeakable power. It has been said that his power may equal that of Chuck Norris. Though it's not like equalling Chuck Norris is a great feat. Little is known about CATS' early years or if he even had such a thing. However, in the year of 1989, a recording of his future exploits was cleverly incorporated into a game known as Zero Wing. It is set in A.D. 2101 and a war was beginning. A small military vessel was then set up the bomb. It was unclear just who performed this setting up of the bomb until the crew get a mysterious signal. When the main screen turned on, CATS appeared and gave a formal greeting to them. After this, he proceeded to inform them that he has taken all of their base and that they are on the way to destruction. A shocked and dismayed captain then asks "What you say !!" CATS then tells them to make their time. The transmission ends abruptly there. To this day, no one is sure how the mysterious tape was obtained or what the crew did to encite the anger of CATS. Besides galactic conquest, CATS has been known to occupy himself with other activities. He is a 20-time Grammy Award winning musician and his album, "The True Ace of Base", reigned on the Top Ten charts for a good decade before he retired it from the charts so that other artists would stand a chance. He has also won a numerous amount of Sundance Film Festival Awards for directing, producing, composing, and acting in his many short films that crititcs have hailed as "The greatest thing to happen to theater since Shakespeare!". On top of all this, he is a multiple Nobel Prize winner and has been featured on the cover of Time magazine a total of 32 times. Later in the mid-ninties, CATS would be elected as the President of Saturn and also serve as the Prime Minister of Scotland at the request of William Wallace. Currently, CATS has been enjoying some downtime from his usually busy lifestyle. He no longer frequents the Hollywood party scene as he once did, but he still attends the openings of movies that he is sure will not completely and utterly suck and also still occasionally attends the awards shows. In a recent interview, CATS said that the reasoning behind his reclusiveness is that he is spending more time at work on his original goal: total universal domination. However, he has assured that he will continue to appear in the GameFAQs Summer Contests until CJayC stops altering the real vote totals and, for once, just accept the fact that he was the true winner. Of course it took change of control from Ceejus to SBAllen to make CATS finally miss a contest... All your base are now belong to CATS.
- Apparently the lovechild of candyfloss and flowers, the cats' unbearably cute history is not quite clear. What is clear is that their taxonomic classifcation is Felis silvestris catus sapiens, showing they're some sort of evolutionary offshoot of your pet moggy. The cats have captured and bred out several recognisable farm animals of yesteryear; they have hideously hypertrophied chickens, unnervingly intelligent geese and quite possibly the largest pigs ever to oink. They also have bred freshwater tuna and anchovies, and smart rabbits too. It's unclear if this is the result of genetic modifcation or just patience, but local areas can often be overcome with fauna. As well as animals, several varieties of plants are synomous with the cats. They are still crepuscular like their ancestors, but they do appreciate aesthetics and daisy like bushes are a favourite. The cats also harvest catnip for recreational purposes and tea tree for wound treatments. One of the first things cats do when landing in an area is to seed it with plants. The cats live in human like abodes, but when first colonising a planet they tend to reside in large communal bases for safety - going so far as to build self contained ecosystems when preparing to terraform the local area. Larger bases often contain "Robot mamas" that are capable of generating drones, although after several malfunctions the robots seem to have fallen out of favour. The cats are not afraid of genetic modifcation of themselves or other races, resulting in winged cats and docile pet versions of other races, including the jellies and the freeps.
- In the altar in Arni Village where Mojo is worshipped and found, there are three cat statues around the altar. Lynx is also a cat-like panther, one of the villains and playable characters of the game. There are also standard mobs (enemies) that are shadow cats, which can be come across when exploring certain areas.
- Cats often appear as a theme on It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia. Father O'Grady mentioned brown cats twice. ("The Gang Exploits A Miracle") Dennis owned a junkyard cat that he named Jack Bauer. Jack Bauer was born in a pool of gasoline on a piece of rusty scrap metal and is indestructible. (Bums: Making a Mess All Over the City) Cats live outside of Charlie's apartment due to the cat food left in the apartment, which as Charlie describes, is to attract cats who kill the rats. The cats meow quite a bit, understandably, so Charlie and Frank have to drink beer, huff glue and eat cat food to induce a feeling of sickness and tiredness. (Dennis Reynolds: An Erotic Life) A neighbor of a critic who insulted Paddy's Pub had a pet cat (who had diabetes) which the Gang kidnapped. (Paddy's Pub: The Worst Bar in Philadelphia) Charlie had so much trouble with cat noise that he invented kitten mittens. (Paddy's Pub: Home of the Original Kitten Mittens) Dee bought a cat but it accidentally got trapped in her wall. (Mac and Dennis Break Up) Maureen Ponderosa thinks that she is a cat. (McPoyle vs. Ponderosa: The Trial of the Century)
- Uma adaptação dos Gatos selvagens africanos. São menores e menos agressivos (em relação aos seres humanos). Não se sabe ao certo quando os gatos passaram a ser domesticados. Foram encontrados vários registos no Egipto, como pinturas, estátuas e desenhos de gatos, mas não há provas de que não eram animais selvagens. O que se sabe, devido a peças encontradas em escavações, é que no Egipto o gato era venerado e considerado sagrado. A deusa Bastet (Bast ou Fastet), deusa da fertilidade e da felicidade, benfeitora e protetora do homem, era representada como uma mulher com cabeça de gato e vários gatos estavam relacionados a ela, como seus animais. Na Pérsia, acredita-se que quando se maltrata um gato preto corre-se o risco de estar maltratando o espírito nascido ao mesmo tempo que o homem, para lhe fazer companhia e, assim, de prejudicar-se a si mesmo. Uma estatueta de um gato, feita no Egito, representando a deusa Bastet.Provavelmente, quando as pessoas começaram a dedicar-se à agricultura, os gatos vieram a fazer parte da vida delas. Por ser um caçador, eles tinham a função de acabar com os ratos, que invadiam os lugares onde eram armazenadas as comidas. Na Europa cristã, por muitos séculos o gato teve uma posição privilegiada, porém, no início da Idade Média a situação mudou. Os gatos foram acusados de serem associados a maus espíritos e, por isso, muitas vezes foram queimados juntamente com as pessoas acusadas de bruxaria. Depois, o gato foi aceite novamente nas casas e nos navios, para acabar com os roedores. Até hoje o gato encontra-se em ascensão, depois de ocupar o posto de caçador de ratos por muito tempo, os gatos passaram a ser utilizados como acessórios em eventos sociais pelas damas. Nessa época o gato começou a ser modificado para exposições, começando assim a criação de raças puras ou com pedigree. A primeira grande exposição de gatos aconteceu em 1871, em Londres, e esse interesse em expor gatos propagou-se por toda a Europa. Como animal de companhia, é um dos mascotes mais populares em todo o mundo. Devido ao facto da sua domesticação ser relativamente recente, eles podem viver em ambientes silvestres formando pequenas colônias. A associação do gato com os homens faz com que ele seja referido frequentemente em mitologias e em lendas de diferentes culturas, incluindo a as civilizações egípcia, japonesa, chinesa e escandinava. Categoria:Não-cães Categoria:Gatos Categoria:Artigos destacados Categoria:Artigos principais
- One of the notable cats is Tab, the farmer's cat of Nuthanger Farm, who appears in the book and film, Tab was replaced in the TV series by another cat called Tabitha.
- CATS is a famous Andrew Lloyd-Webber musical about anthro cats who inhabit a junkyard and sing a lot. Based on T.S. Eliot's Old Possum's Book of Practical Cats, the show tells the story of various members of the Jellicle tribe of cats over one night, the night of the Jellicle Ball. The show won seven Tony awards, and is the longest running show on Broadway. It also spawned the hit song "Memory," as well as a film adaptation staring Elaine Paige and Ken Page. For more information on the musical and/or film adaptations, you may look here.
- The acronym CAT(S) may refer to:
* Center for Asymmetric Threat Studies (Sweden)
* Computerized axial tomography
* Cyber Action Team
- Cats are used to play Cat Hockey. In cat hockey, one must freeze a cat and push it into your goal (which has a cat scratching post in the center). The cats must go to your post The first player to 5 cats wins. This article is a . You can help My English Wiki by editing this page for Spyro.
- CATS is the main villain and final boss in the 1989 shooter Zero Wing. CATS is an alien overlord who seeks to conquer our world. Though the United Nations initially signs a peace treaty to prevent him from attacking Earth, he breaks the treaty and takes over all of Japan's space colonies, sending a holographic message to their captain, mocking him for trusting him. The spaceship ZIG is then sent to take down CATS and his forces.
- Cats are purchasable pets at Eeylops Owl Emporium & Magical Menagerie.
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