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| rdfs:label | - Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
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| rdfs:comment | - The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle is one of the laws of quantum physics. It was formulated in 1927 by the German physicist Werner Heisenberg. It states that the quantum numbers of position () and momentum () are conjugate pairs. This means that if a particle's momentum is more precisely known, then the particle's spatial position is less precisely known (and vice versa), hence causing uncertainty. Mathematically, it is shown by: where is Planck's constant, which approximates x Joule-seconds.
- Modern quantum theory began to emerge in the mid 1920s with the publication of a number of seemingly unrelated articles that approached microscopic systems from radically different points of view. The idea of de-Broglie that the motion of a particle such as an electron in an atom could be explained by associating a wave with the particle led Schrodinger to a wave formulation of quantum theory. The first article by Schrodinger on wave mechanics was published in 1926. The success of this theory in describing the spectra of hydrogen seemed to indicate that the electron should be treated as a wave rather than a particle. While the wave theory of Schrodinger was yet to appear, Heisenberg, Max Born, and Jordan proposed a new theory in 1925. This theory, called matrix mechanics, was the first com
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| abstract | - Modern quantum theory began to emerge in the mid 1920s with the publication of a number of seemingly unrelated articles that approached microscopic systems from radically different points of view. The idea of de-Broglie that the motion of a particle such as an electron in an atom could be explained by associating a wave with the particle led Schrodinger to a wave formulation of quantum theory. The first article by Schrodinger on wave mechanics was published in 1926. The success of this theory in describing the spectra of hydrogen seemed to indicate that the electron should be treated as a wave rather than a particle. While the wave theory of Schrodinger was yet to appear, Heisenberg, Max Born, and Jordan proposed a new theory in 1925. This theory, called matrix mechanics, was the first complete theory presented to scientific community as a method for solving atomic problems. Instead of questioning the particle nature of the electron, they called into question the classical concept of measuring process. Because microscopic systems are comparable in size to the smallest means available for measuring them, Heisenberg argued that the measurement of one variable of a microscopic system disturbs the values of other variables of the system and leads to an inherent uncertainty in the results of the measurement. The mathematical formulation of this idea, which has come to be called the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, is central to the modern interpretation of quantum mechanics.[ref-src-MPSE p64]
- The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle is one of the laws of quantum physics. It was formulated in 1927 by the German physicist Werner Heisenberg. It states that the quantum numbers of position () and momentum () are conjugate pairs. This means that if a particle's momentum is more precisely known, then the particle's spatial position is less precisely known (and vice versa), hence causing uncertainty. Mathematically, it is shown by: where is Planck's constant, which approximates x Joule-seconds.
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