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| rdfs:comment | - The Bay of Pigs Invasion (known as La Batalla de Gir?or Playa Gir?n Cuba) was an unsuccessful attempt by CIA-trained force of Cuban exiles to invade southern Cuba with support from US government armed forces, to overthrow the Cuban government of Fidel Castro. Launched shortly after John F. Kennedy assumed presidency in 1961, the operation intended to employ similar tactics as those used in the 1954 Guatemalan coup d'?t.
- The Bay of Pigs Invasion, known in Hispanic America as Invasión de Bahía de Cochinos (or Invasión de Playa Girón or Batalla de Girón), was an unsuccessful military invasion of Cuba undertaken by the CIA-sponsored paramilitary group Brigade 2506 on 17 April 1961. A counter-revolutionary military trained and funded by the United States government's Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), Brigade 2506 fronted the armed wing of the Democratic Revolutionary Front (DRF) and intended to overthrow the revolutionary left wing government of Fidel Castro. Launched from Guatemala, the invading force was defeated within three days by the Cuban armed forces, under the direct command of Prime Minister Fidel Castro.
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| Strength | - c. 1,500 ground forces
- c. 200,000 Cuban militia
- c. 25,000 Cuban army
- c. 9,000 armed police
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| Commander | - 22
- Fidel Castro
- Che Guevara
- Juan Almeida Bosque
- Erneido Oliva
- Efigenio Ameijeiras
- José Ramón Fernández
- Pepe San Román
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| Caption | - Map showing the location of the Bay of Pigs
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| Description | |
| Casualties | - 118
- 176
- 360
- 500
- 1202
- Cuban army:
- Cuban militia and police:
- c. 4,000 killed, wounded, missing
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| Place | - Bay of Pigs, southern coast of Cuba
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| Source | - — Earl T. Smith, former American Ambassador to Cuba, during 1960 testimony to the U.S. Senate
- — Life magazine magazine
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| Quote | - "Havana gleefully noted the wealth of the captured invaders: 100 plantation owners, 67 landlords of apartment houses, 35 factory owners, 112 businessmen, 179 lived off unearned income, and 194 ex-soldiers of Batista."
- "Until Castro, the U.S. was so overwhelmingly influential in Cuba that the American ambassador was the second most important man, sometimes even more important than the Cuban president."
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| abstract | - The Bay of Pigs Invasion, known in Hispanic America as Invasión de Bahía de Cochinos (or Invasión de Playa Girón or Batalla de Girón), was an unsuccessful military invasion of Cuba undertaken by the CIA-sponsored paramilitary group Brigade 2506 on 17 April 1961. A counter-revolutionary military trained and funded by the United States government's Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), Brigade 2506 fronted the armed wing of the Democratic Revolutionary Front (DRF) and intended to overthrow the revolutionary left wing government of Fidel Castro. Launched from Guatemala, the invading force was defeated within three days by the Cuban armed forces, under the direct command of Prime Minister Fidel Castro. The Cuban Revolution of 1953 to 1959 had seen President Fulgencio Batista, a right-wing ally of the U.S., ousted. He was replaced by a new left wing administration dominated by Castro, which had severed the country's formerly strong links with the U.S. by expropriating their economic assets and developing links with the Soviet Union, with whom the U.S. was then embroiled in the Cold War. The U.S. government of President Dwight D. Eisenhower was concerned at the direction which Castro's government was taking, and in March 1960, Eisenhower allocated $13.1 million to the CIA in order to plan Castro's overthrow. The CIA proceeded to organize the operation with the aid of the Mafia and various Cuban counter-revolutionary forces, training Brigade 2506 in Mexico. Following his election in 1960, president John F. Kennedy was informed of the invasion plan and gave his consent. Over 1,400 paramilitaries, divided into five infantry battalions and one paratrooper battalion, assembled in Guatemala before setting out for Cuba by boat on 13 April. On 15 April, eight CIA-supplied B-26 bombers attacked Cuban air fields and returned to the U.S. On the night of 16 April, the main invasion landed at a beach named Playa Girón in the Bay of Pigs. It initially overwhelmed a local revolutionary militia. The Cuban Army's counter-offensive was led by Captain José Ramón Fernández, before Castro decided to take personal control of the operation. On 20 April, the invaders finally surrendered, with the majority of troops being publicly interrogated and then sent back to the U.S. The failed invasion strengthened the position of Castro's administration, who proceeded to openly proclaim their intention to adopt socialism and strengthen ties with the Soviet Union. This led eventually to the events of the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962. The invasion was a major embarrassment for U.S. foreign policy. John Kennedy ordered a number of internal investigations. Across much of Latin America, it was celebrated as evidence of the fallibility of U.S. imperialism.
- The Bay of Pigs Invasion (known as La Batalla de Gir?or Playa Gir?n Cuba) was an unsuccessful attempt by CIA-trained force of Cuban exiles to invade southern Cuba with support from US government armed forces, to overthrow the Cuban government of Fidel Castro. Launched shortly after John F. Kennedy assumed presidency in 1961, the operation intended to employ similar tactics as those used in the 1954 Guatemalan coup d'?t. Recruitment by the CIA for the project began in April 1960, with recruitment of anti-Castro Cubans in the Miami area. Cuba became aware of an American plot for invasion due to their intelligence network and prepared by readying a military presence. The CIA planned to involve preexisting Cuban anti-Castro groups in the plot. (April 15th) As a prelude to the invasion bombings on three Cuban airfields, the bombings included at least one deception bomber that would be redirected back to the United States were conducted. Following the bombings Cuban Foreign Minister Ra?oa attempted to accuse the US of being involved. US ambassador to the UN Adlai Stevenson stated that US armed forces would not "under any conditions" intervene in Cuba, doing so while uninformed of the CIA's actions. (April 16th) On the night of April 16th, a diversionary flight failed to land and an attempted staged armed rising at Las Delicias Estate in Las Villas was completely quelled. No more air strikes were planned for the 16th due to overestimated expectations of damage, due to exaggerated claims by pilots. Later the invasion force began to form and prepare themselves for the invasion of Cuba. (April 17th) Just as the clock ticked down to April 17th, the US forces moved into the Bay of Pigs, ferrying the exiled Cuban forces under them to Cuba. The exiled Cuban forces along with paratroopers were moved into Cuba and quickly began to make ground. They were soon met with resistance by Cuban infantry and tanks deployed to counter their efforts. (April 18th) The initial invasion force became increasingly disorganized and scattered as skirmishes broke out between the invasion forces and the Cuban military forces. Little progress was made as the invasion force was further depleted by Cuban forces. (April 19th) More equipment and supplies were moved in to support the invasion force. A final bombing attack was slated but mostly failed with two of the five assigned bomber being promptly shot down. As the day drew to a close American naval ships moved in to evacuate American soldiers still in Cuba, but were eventually forced to move out when under tank fire from the shore. (April 20th) With the invasion more or less failed, naval vessels carefully scanned the Cuban shoreline for surviving Brigade soldier finding another 30-40 survivors before departing. The invasion was a disaster, with the invading force's beachhead no bigger than half a mile long and a quarter mile deep at any point during the fighting. The failure embarrassed the Kennedy Administration and made Castro wary of future US intervention in Cuba. The event was also noteworthy for bolstering support for Castro in Cuba. Despite several preexisting rebellious efforts in Cuba, the number of rebels dropped to nearly zero in the wake of the quelled rebellion. Kennedy was so angered with the CIA's failure he claimed he wanted to "splinter the CIA into a thousand pieces and scatter it into the wind." Examples in works
* The first mission in Call of Duty Black Ops, "Operation 40," takes place on April 17th. The mission objective is to kill Fidel Castro while the invasion takes place. Castro's double takes the bullet.
* The invasion is an important background element in the movie Thirteen Days, which is set during the Cuban Missile Crisis.
* The Boss mentions her involvement in the invasion as part of her backstory in Metal Gear Solid 3 Snake Eater.
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