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Taiping Rebellion

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The Taiping Rebellion was a large-scale revolt against the authority and forces of the Qing Empire in China, conducted by an army and civil administration inspired by Hakka self-proclaimed mystics named Hong Xiuquan and Yang Xiuqing. Hong was an unorthodox Christian convert who declared himself the new Messiah and younger brother of Jesus Christ. Yang Xiuqing was a former salesman of firewood in Guangxi, who was frequently able to act as a mouthpiece of God to direct the people and gain himself a large amount of political power. Hong, Yang and their followers established the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (also, and officially, Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace) and attained control of significant parts of southern China. Hong established the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom with its capital at Nanjing. The Kingdom's army controlled large parts of southern China, at its height ruling about 30 million people. The rebel agenda included social reforms such as shared "property in common," equality for women, and the replacement of Confucianism, Buddhism and Chinese folk religion with their form of Christianity. Because of their refusal to wear the queue, Taiping combatants were nicknamed "Longhairs" () by the Qing government, which besieged the Taiping armies throughout the rebellion. The Qing government eventually crushed the rebellion with the aid of French and British forces.

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December 1850 – August 1864 1851

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n8: * Hong Xiuquan * Yang Xiuqing * Xiao Chaogui * Feng Yunshan * Wei Changhui * Shi Dakai * Li Xiucheng * Henry Andres Burgevine n44: n46: n58: n60: n62: n67: n69: * Xianfeng Emperor * Empress Dowager Cixi * Zeng Guofan * Sengge Rinchen * Guanwen * Zuo Zongtang * Auguste Protet * Charles George Gordon * Frederick T. Ward n98:

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Long hair

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Taiping cannonade against the Qing war-junks besieging the Heavenly Kingdom capital

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Total dead: At least 20 million, including civilians and soldiers .

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* Qing Dynasty victory * Fall of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom * Weakening of the Qing Dynasty Imperial victory

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* Later stages: * * * n54: Taiping Heavenly Kingdom n86:

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Taiping Rebellion

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Hong established the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom with its capital at Nanjing. The Kingdom's army controlled large parts of southern China, at its height ruling about 30 million people. The rebel agenda included social reforms such as shared "property in common," equality for women, and the replacement of Confucianism, Buddhism and Chinese folk religion with their form of Christianity. Because of their refusal to wear the queue, Taiping combatants were nicknamed "Longhairs" () by the Qing government, which besieged the Taiping armies throughout the rebellion. The Qing government eventually crushed the rebellion with the aid of French and British forces. In the 20th century, Sun Yat-sen, founder of the Chinese Nationalist Party, looked on the rebellion as an inspiration, and Chinese leader Mao Zedong glorified the Taiping rebels as early heroic revolutionaries against a corrupt feudal system. The Taiping Rebellion was a large-scale revolt against the authority and forces of the Qing Empire in China, conducted by an army and civil administration inspired by Hakka self-proclaimed mystics named Hong Xiuquan and Yang Xiuqing. Hong was an unorthodox Christian convert who declared himself the new Messiah and younger brother of Jesus Christ. Yang Xiuqing was a former salesman of firewood in Guangxi, who was frequently able to act as a mouthpiece of God to direct the people and gain himself a large amount of political power. Hong, Yang and their followers established the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (also, and officially, Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace) and attained control of significant parts of southern China. Most accurate sources put the total deaths during the 15 years of the rebellion at about 20 million civilians and army personnel [1], although some claim the death toll was much higher (as many as 50 million according to at least one source [2]). Some historians estimate the combination of natural disasters combined with the political insurrections may have cost as many as 200 million Chinese lives between 1850 and 1865 [3]. That figure is generally thought to be an exaggeration, as it is approximately half the estimated population of China in 1851.[4] Artifacts from the Taiping period can be seen at the Taiping Kingdom History Museum in Nanjing, China.

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